Figure 1

Impact of cadmium and drought stress on germination (A), shoot length (B), root length (C), and seedling length (D) of wheat amended with different levels of the GA3 enriched deashed biochar. The bars showed an average of three replicates, with standard error (SE). Statistical analysis using Tukey HSD revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments, as indicated using different letterings on the bars.