Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample.

From: Prevalence and prognostic value of neurological affections in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 based on objective assessments

Characteristic	Survival (N = 170)	Death (N = 14)	p value
Age (years, median [IQR])	54.5 [24.6]	65.6 [15.3]	0.0076
Sex at birth (male, N [%])	112 [65.9]	12 [85.7]	0.15
ICU treatment required (yes, N [%])^a	13 [7.6]	12 [85.7]	< 0.0001
Virus variant			0.00021
Original (N [%])	46 [27.1]	11 [78.6]
B1.1.7 (alpha, N [%])	31 [18.2]	0 [0]
B1.351 (beta, N [%])	0 [0]	1 [7.1]
B.1.617 (delta, N [%])^b	29 [17.1]	0 [0]
B.1.1.529 (omikron, N [%])	28 [16.5]	1 [7.1]
Unknown (N [%])	36 [21.2]	1 [7.1]
Vaccination status (N [%])^c			0.19
No vaccination	109 [64.1]	13 [92.9]
Incomplete vaccination	5 [2.9]	0 [0]
Complete vaccination	54 [31.8]	1 [7.1]
Complete vaccination and booster	1 [0.6]	0 [0]
Total days in hospital (days, median [IQR])	7 [7]	22.5 [19.6]	< 0.0001
Delay between hospitalization and examination (days, median [IQR])	3 [3]	5 [3]	0.0018
Delay between first positive PCR test and examination (days, median [IQR])^d	4 [5]	5 [3]	0.43
Delay between symptom onset and examination (days, median [IQR])^e	8 [6]	9 [4]	0.46
Coma (yes, N [%])	1 [5.9]	6 [42.9]	< 0.0001
Nosocomial infection (yes, N [%])^f	3 [1.8]	0 [0]	> 0.99
Number of comorbidities (median [IQR])^g	1 [2]	2 [1.8]	0.20
Radiographic infiltrates at admission (yes, N [%])^h	97 [57.1]	10 [71.4]	0.25
Clinical scores at examination (median [IQR])
EDSSⁱ	1 [1.5]	1 [1.3]	0.39
MRS^j	1 [0]	NA	NA
Barthel scale^k	100 [5]	NA	NA
WHO clinical progression scale^l	4 [1]	6 [3]	< 0.0001
INCAT disability score (overall)^m	0 [0]	NA	NA
MRS at discharge (median [IQR])ⁿ	1 [1]	NA	NA
Education (years, median [IQR])^o	13.8 [6.0]	NA	NA
MoCA total score^p (median [IQR])	− 1.78 [0.81]	NA	NA
SDMT z-score^q (median [IQR])	− 1.47 [− 1.67]	NA	NA
Vital parameters and blood results at admission
Glasgow Coma Scale (median [IQR])^r	15 [0]	15 [0]	> 0.99
Oxygen saturation (%, median [IQR])^s	96 [3]	94 [15.5]	0.0071
Oxygen therapy (yes, N [%])^t	48 [28.2]	8 [57.1]	0.037
Respiratory rate (breaths/min, median [IQR])^u	18 [7]	17 [12]	0.89
Urea (md/dl, (median [IQR])	30 [21]	54 [45.8]	0.0044
C-reactive protein (mg/dl, median [IQR])	4.3 [7.6]	10.1 [13.9]	0.0094
Lymphocytes (× 1000/l, median [IQR])^v	1.06 [0.92]	0.62 [0.25]	0.0071
Procalcitonin (ng/ml, median [IQR])^w	0.10 [0.12]	0.85 [1.64]	0.00044
Troponin (ng/l, median [IQR])^x	NA	19 [58]	NA
Ferritin (μg/l, median [IQR])^y	631.5 [694.5]	724 [998.5]	0.73
Lactate Dehydrogenase (U/l, median [IQR])	307 [155.8]	466.5 [333.3]	0.017
D-Dimers (mg/l_FEU, median [IQR])^z	0.73 [0.76]	2.04 [1.78]	0.0010

If more than half of the data are missing for one group, data are not displayed (not applicable). ICU, Intensive care unit; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MRS, Modified Rankin Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; NA = not applicable.
^aN_Death = 11 & N_survival = 10 were treated at the ICU at the time of examination; N_Death = 1 & N_survival = 3 required ICU treatment after the examination.
^bIncluding the following subspecies: AY.33 (N = 1), AY46.6 (N = 2), AY.44 (N = 1), AY.122 (N = 2), AY.43 (N = 2), AY.9 (N = 1), AY.126 (N = 1).
^cMissing as follows: N_survival = 1.
^dMissing as follows: N_Death = 2, N_survival = 8.
^eMissing as follows: N_Death = 4, N_survival = 18.
^fMissing as follows: N_Death = 2, N_survival = 50.
^gDefined according to the definition implemented in the 4C Deterioration model²⁶.
^hMissing as follows: N_Death = 1, N_survival = 3.
ⁱMissing as follows: N_Death = 7, N_survival = 15.
^jMissing as follows: N_Death = 10, N_survival = 48.
^kMissing as follows: N_Death = 10, N_survival = 49.
^lMissing as follows: N_Death = 1.
^mMissing as follows: N_Death = 8, N_survival = 47.
ⁿMissing as follows: N_survival = 56.
^oDefined as the total years in school and years of professional education (rounded to full years and not counting repeated years). The maximum was set at 20 years. Missing as follows: N_Death = 8, N_survival = 11.
^pMissing as follows: N_Death = 8, N_survival = 41.
^qMissing as follows: N_Death = 9, N_survival = 18.
^rMissing as follows: N_survival = 1.
^sMissing as follows: N_Death = 3, N_survival = 20.
^tMissing as follows: N_survival = 4.
^uMissing as follows: N_Death = 5, N_survival = 31.
^vMissing as follows: N_Death = 3, N_survival = 48.
^wMissing as follows: N_Death = 2, N_survival = 38.
^xMissing as follows: N_Death = 1, N_survival = 101.
^yMissing as follows: N_Death = 2, N_survival = 76.
^zMissing as follows: N_Death = 1, N_survival = 66.

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Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample.

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