Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies.

From: The combination of astragalus injection and ambroxol hydrochloride in the adjuvant treatment of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author/year	Country	Study design	Sample size		Mean age		Interventions	Comparator	Dosage		Duration	Outcomes
Author/year	Country	Study design	T	C	T	C	Interventions	Comparator	T	C	Duration	Outcomes
Ibaditi 2017⁹	China	RCT	35	35	61.25 ± 2.18	61.69 ± 2.17	A + B + Bronchodilators, oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics	Bronchodilators, oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics	A:10-20 ml/qd	U	14d	CER; PF; HGB
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Dai 2014³	China	RCT	29	29	64.28 ± 6.26	64.29 ± 5.96	A + B + Relieving cough, anti-infection, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, expectorant	Relieving cough, anti-infection, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, expectorant	A:20 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Guan 2018¹⁰	China	RCT	40	40	64.24 ± 6.25	64.25 ± 6.23	A + B + Oxygen and expectorant, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, bronchodilators, antibiotics	Oxygen and expectorant, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, bronchodilators, antibiotics	A:20 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Hu 2012¹¹	China	RCT	35	35	64.8 ± 8.4	67.4 ± 6.8	A + B + Oxygen and expectorant, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, bronchodilators, antibiotics	Oxygen and expectorant, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, bronchodilators, antibiotics	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Jing 2008¹²	China	RCT	38	36	U	U	A + B + Antibiotics, bronchodilators, oxygen inhalation, and symptomatic supportive treatment	Antibiotics, bronchodilators, oxygen inhalation, and symptomatic supportive treatment	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG; HGB
									B:30 ml/qd
									Routine
Ni 2013⁴	China	RCT	30	30	65.15 ± 7.92	66.31 ± 8.01	A + B + Oxygen inhalation, relieving cough, anti-infection, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, expectorant	Oxygen inhalation, relieving cough, anti-infection, relieving asthma, spasmolysis, expectorant	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Xie 2012¹³	China	RCT	60	60	73.5 ± 5.8	72.1 ± 6.3	A + B + Spasmolysis, relieving asthma, anti-infection and oxygen therapy	Spasmolysis, relieving asthma, anti-infection and oxygen therapy	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG; HGB
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Song 2013¹⁴	China	RCT	38	38	44 ~ 78		A + B + Relieving cough, anti-infection, expectorant, oxygen inhalation and relieving asthma	Relieving cough, anti-infection, expectorant, oxygen inhalation and relieving asthma	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Yu 2013¹⁵	China	RCT	49	49	48 ~ 77		A + B + Bronchial dilator (terbutaline), glucocorticoids (budesonide)	Bronchial dilator (terbutaline), glucocorticoids (budesonide)	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Tang 2016⁷	China	RCT	30	30	62.18 ± 3.24	62.56 ± 3.89	A + B + Relieving cough, anti-infection, expectorant, oxygen inhalation, relieving asthma	Relieving cough, anti-infection, expectorant, oxygen inhalation, relieving asthma	A:60 ml/bid	U	14 d	CER
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Wang 2020¹⁶	China	RCT	36	36	61.8 ± 1.2	61.9 ± 1.1	A + B + Bronchodilators, relieving cough and expectorant, and anti-infection	Bronchodilators, relieving cough and expectorant, and anti-infection	A:20 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Wang 2016¹⁷	China	RCT	43	43	63.6 ± 5.8	63.8 ± 5.9	A + B + Relieving asthma, relieving cough, expectorant, anti-infection, spasmolysis	Relieving asthma, relieving cough, expectorant, anti-infection, spasmolysis	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Zhang 2015¹⁸	China	RCT	32	32	62.5 ± 8.3	61.8 ± 8.7	A + B + Anti-infection, relieving cough, expectorant, relieving asthma, bronchodilator, spasmolysis	Anti-infection, relieving cough, expectorant, relieving asthma, bronchodilator, spasmolysis	A:60 ml/qd	U	14 d	CER; PF; ABG
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine
Zhang 2017¹⁹	China	RCT	41	41	62.35 ± 4.27	62.35 ± 4.27	A + B + Oxygen inhalation, bronchodilator, anti-infection, expectorant	Oxygen inhalation, bronchodilator, anti-infection, expectorant	A:60 ml/bid	U	14 d	CER; PF
									B:30 ml/bid
									Routine

U Unknown, A Astragalus injection, B Ambroxol Hydrochloride, CER Clinical effective rate, PF pulmonary function, ABG arterial blood gas, HGB Hemoglobin.

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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies.

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