Figure 3

Increased levels of growth factors in CSF from CP patients. Graphs show the concentration of indicated growth factors, including NGF-β, EGF, GDF-15, G-CSF, and BMP-9, in the CSF samples from CP compared to ASD and SB patients. Only growth factors significantly increased in the CSF samples from CP patients compared with those from ASD and SB were shown. Only samples in which cytokine concentration was detected by Luminex assay as indicated in Table 2, were included in the analysis. Groups were compared using ANOVA and Turkey HSD tests. Data were presented as Mean ± SEM for the concentration of indicated cytokines. Considered p-values were: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. p values > 0.05 are not shown.