Figure 3

(a) Pressure gradient \(\frac{dp}{dx}\) versus flow rate for different values of \({U}_{HS}\). (b) Pressure gradient \(\frac{dp}{dx}\) versus flow rate for different values of \({G}_{r}\). (c) Pressure gradient \(\frac{dp}{dx}\) versus flow rate for different values of \(Q\). (d) Pressure gradient \(\frac{dp}{dx}\) versus flow rate for different values of \(\varnothing\).