Table 2 Outcome data and complications during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation among each group.
Variables | HVC (n = 629) | MVC (n = 510) | LVC (n = 601) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ECPR or ECMO management complications | ||||
 Overalla | 175 (27.8%) | 141 (37.6%) | 209 (34. 8%) | 0.010 |
Procedure related complications | ||||
 Cannula malposition | 10 (1.6%) | 44 (8.6%) | 30 (5.0%) |  < 0.001 |
 Unsuccessful cannulation | 3 (0.5%) | 6 (1.2%) | 4 (0.7%) | 0.381 |
 Cannulation related bleeding | 89 (14.2%) | 72 (14.2%) | 92 (15.4%) | 0.794 |
 Others | 23 (3.7%) | 26 (5.1%) | 24 (4.0%) | 0.469 |
ECMO management related complications | ||||
 Hemorrhage | 44 (7.0%) | 26 (5.1%) | 76 (12.8%) |  < 0.001 |
 Ischemia | 14 (2.2%) | 7 (1.4%) | 10 (1.7%) | 0.536 |
 ECMO equipment trouble | 4 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) | 22 (3.8%) |  < 0.001 |
 Others | 11 (1.8%) | 7 (1.4%) | 5 (0.9%) | 0.393 |
Outcomes | ||||
 Survival to hospital discharge, n (%) | 210 (33.4%) | 123 (24.1%) | 161 (26.8%) | 0.001 |
 Favorable neurological outcome, n (%) | 105 (16.7%) | 62 (12.2%) | 95 (15.8%) | 0.085 |
 Length of ECMO, days | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.260 |
 Length of hospital stay, days | 5 (2, 25) | 2 (1, 12) | 4 (2, 23) |  < 0.001 |
 Length of hospital stay among survivors, days | 32 (22, 53) | 30 (26, 44) | 40 (28, 60) |  < 0.001 |
