Table 2 Prospective association between high trait anxiety, chronic insomnia, their comorbidity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (NutriNet-Santé cohort, France).

From: Chronic insomnia, high trait anxiety and their comorbidity as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Model 1

Model 2

HR [95% CI]

p-value

HR [95% CI]

p-value

No anxiety or insomnia

1.00

Ref

1.00

Ref

High trait anxietya alone

1.37 [1.07–1.76]

0.015

1.21 [0.93–1.57]

0.161

Chronic insomnia alone

1.07 [0.71–1.62]

0.731

0.96 [0.64–1.45]

0.855

Anxiety-insomnia comorbidity

1.70 [1.27–2.28]

 < 0.001

1.40 [1.01–1.95]

0.045

  1. Model 1: Cox model adjusted for age (time-scale), sex and obesity status (BMI > 30 kg/m2) (N = 35,014, n = 378 incident type 2 diabetes cases).
  2. Model 2: Cox model adjusted for age (time-scale), sex, obesity status (BMI > 30 kg/m2), education, employment, children aged < 18 y in the household, physical activity, sedentariness, alcohol consumption, smoking status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and depressive symptoms (N = 35,014, n = 378 incident type 2 diabetes cases).
  3. STAI state-trait anxiety inventory.
  4. Significant values are given in bold.
  5. aHigh trait anxiety is defined as STAI-T ≥ 40.
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