Table 1 Demographic characteristics in the UNIVR Orchestra cohort: comparison between patients not reporting chemosensory impairment (patients without NSc-PCS, N = 637) and patients with chemosensory impairment (patients with NSc-PCS, N = 550), either only self-reported (SRC, N = 497) or detected through a psychophysical assessment (PAC, N = 50).
Patients without NSc-PCS (N = 637) | Patients with NSc-PCS (N = 550) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
SRC (N = 497) | PAC (N = 50) | SRC vs PAC | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age | 59.65 ± 14.14 | 52.48 ± 14.28 | 45.3 ± 16.81 | 0.002 |
BMI | 29.15 ± 5.44 | 27.46 ± 5.15 | 26.27 ± 3.2 | 0.740 |
Female | 293 (46.0%) | 301 (60.56%) | 36 (70.59%) | 0.176 |
Current smoker | 44 (7.72%) | 45 (23.94%) | 9 (50.0%) | 0.02 |
Breakthrough infection | 87 (13.66%) | 42 (8.48%) | 1 (1.96%) | 0.165 |
Hospital admission | 238 (37.36%) | 151 (30.38%) | 9 (17.65%) | 0.074 |
ICU admission | 72 (11.3%) | 32 (6.44%) | 4 (7.84%) | 0.764 |
Vaccinated before acute infection | 215 (33.86%) | 121 (24.35%) | 11 (20.75%) | 0.36 |
Pregnancy | 1 (0.35%) | 3 (1.03%) | 1 (2.78%) | 0.76 |
Diabetes | 73 (11.48%) | 30 (6.1%) | 2 (3.77%) | 0.76 |
HIV | 2 (0.31%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Transplant patient | 10 (1.57%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Autoinflammatory disease | 35 (5.49%) | 31 (6.24%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0.349 |
Cardiovascular disease | 315 (49.61%) | 169 (34.42%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.446 |
Chronic liver disease | 17 (2.68%) | 11 (2.24%) | 1 (1.89%) | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease | 28 (4.5%) | 10 (2.06%) | 1 (1.96%) | 1.000 |
COVID-19 complications | ||||
Pulmonary | 13 (2.04%) | 9 (1.81%) | 1 (1.89%) | 1.000 |
Cardiac | 26 (4.08%) | 10 (2.01%) | 1 (1.89%) | 1.000 |
Embolic | 16 (2.51%) | 8 (1.61%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0.601 |
Neurological | 3 (0.47%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Renal | 13 (2.04%) | 6 (1.21%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0.510 |
Gastrointestinal | 11 (1.73%) | 4 (0.8%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0.399 |
Any COVID-19 complication | 64 (10.05%) | 32 (6.44%) | 4 (7.55%) | 0.768 |
Therapy during acute phase | ||||
Corticosteroids | 211 (36.01%) | 177 (37.74%) | 12 (23.08%) | 0.047 |
Antivirals | 104 (16.69%) | 80 (16.39%) | 1 (1.92%) | 0.003 |
Immunomodulators | 21 (3.42%) | 20 (4.11%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.242 |
Chloroquine | 3 (0.47%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 71 (11.15%) | 64 (12.88%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.002 |
Azithromycin | 36 (5.65%) | 46 (9.26%) | 2 (3.77%) | 0.301 |
Ivermectin | 1 (0.16%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Colchicin | 3 (0.47%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
Monoclonal antibodies | 262 (42.12%) | 109 (22.2%) | 4 (7.55%) | 0.012 |
Anticoagulants | 193 (31.08%) | 131 (26.68%) | 9 (17.31%) | 0.182 |
Self-reported smell impairment | ||||
Acute | 417 (85.63%) | 50 (94.34%) | 0.091 | |
Month 3 | 35 (23.65%) | 8 (72.73%) | < 0.001 | |
Month 6 | 64 (21.4%) | 28 (87.5%) | < 0.001 | |
Month 12 | 47 (15.36%) | 36 (75.0%) | < 0.001 | |
Month 18 | 32 (12.4%) | 32 (80.0%) | < 0.001 | |
Acute | 417 (85.63%) | 50 (94.34%) | 0.091 | |
Self-reported taste impairment | ||||
Acute | 424 (87.42%) | 47 (88.68%) | 1.000 | |
Month 3 | 25 (32.05%) | 5 (55.56%) | 0.265 | |
Month 6 | 61 (36.97%) | 27 (84.38%) | < 0.001 | |
Month 12 | 47 (27.33%) | 35 (79.55%) | < 0.001 | |
Month 18 | 26 (10.04%) | 27 (67.5%) | < 0.001 | |
Waves | ||||
1st wave | 92 (14.44%) | 77 (15.49%) | 1 (1.89%) | 0.003 |
2nd wave | 97 (15.23%) | 144 (28.97%) | 25 (47.17%) | 0.004 |
3rd wave | 271 (42.54%) | 165 (33.2%) | 21 (39.62%) | 0.362 |
4th wave | 154 (24.18%) | 101 (20.32%) | 6 (11.32%) | 0.066 |
Symptoms during acute infection | ||||
Fatigue | 369 (59.9%) | 373 (77.87%) | 31 (59.62%) | 0.006 |
Dyspnoea | 227 (36.97%) | 209 (43.63%) | 12 (23.53%) | 0.007 |
Myalgia | 217 (35.57%) | 252 (5239%) | 23 (44.23%) | 0.307 |
Arthralgia | 167 (27.24%) | 215 (45.07%) | 19 (36.54%) | 0.303 |
Headache | 152 (24.92%) | 229 (47.61%) | 20 (38.46%) | 0.243 |
Memory loss | 35 (5.72%) | 41 (8.51%) | 4 (7.69%) | 1.000 |
Cough | 325 (52.25%) | 289 (59.59%) | 18 (34.62%) | 0.001 |
