Table 6 Chemical composition of Pistacia lentiscus L. EO extracted by HD, SD and SHSE.

From: Optimizing the extraction of essential oil yield from Pistacia lentiscus oleo-gum resin by superheated steam extraction using response surface methodology

Sr. No.

Components

LRIcalcb

LRIlitc

%Composition of essential oil

Method of identification

HD

SD

SHSE (160 °C)

Monoterpene hydrocarbons

1

γ-terpinene

1062

1065

  

0.67 ± 0.04a

a, b

2

α-phellandrene

1005

1011

  

0.15 ± 0.01a

a, b

3

α-pinene

938

939

49.5 ± 0.03c

54.5 ± 0.04b

60.3 ± 0.01a

a, b

4

Camphene

953

953

0.09 ± 0.00c

0.12 ± 0.01b

1.55 ± 0.04a

a, b

5

α-thujene

931

928

0.07 ± 0.00c

0.16 ± 0.01b

0.56 ± 0.00a

a, b

6

β-pinene

980

980

0.72 ± 0.01c

1.66 ± 0.00b

1.76 ± 0.04a

a, b

7

3-carene

1001

1011

0.16 ± 0.00b

0.21 ± 0.01a

 

a, b

8

Cymene

1020

1026

0.35 ± 0.00b

2.52 ± 0.01a

2.52 ± 0.02a

a, b

9

Limonene

1031

1031

9.43 ± 0.00a

5.79 ± 0.05b

4.32 ± 0.03c

a, b

10

β-myrcene

991

991

10.33 ± 0.00a

6.2 ± 0.02b

5.48 ± 0.01c

a, b

11

β -ocimene

1041

1040

0.09 ± 0.00b

0.12 ± 0.01a

 

a, b

Oxygenated monoterpene hydrocarbons

12

Carveol

1207

1208

  

0.36 ± 0.03a

a, b

13

β-terpineol

1163

1162

0.12 ± 0.00b

 

0.8 ± 0.02a

a, b

14

7-octatriene-2-ol

1134

1132

0.12 ± 0.00c

0.17 ± 0.03b

1.17 ± 0.03a

a, b

15

β-linalool

1198

1098

0.21 ± 0.00b

 

0.5 ± 0.01a

a, b

16

Artemiseole

977

970

0.09 ± 0.00c

1.06 ± 0.02b

1.55 ± 0.01a

a, b

17

α-campholenal

1127

1126

0.12 ± 0.00c

2.34 ± 0.01a

1.08 ± 0.03b

a, b

18

Verbenol

1150

1100

4.1 ± 0.00a

3.7 ± 0.01b

1.5 ± 0.02c

a, b

19

Pinocarvone

1162

1161

0.01 ± 0.00c

2.98 ± 0.02a

2.64 ± 0.04b

a, b

20

Pinocamphone

1160

1160

  

0.52 ± 0.01a

a, b

21

α- myrtenol

1193

1188

0.05 ± 0.00c

3.32 ± 0.02a

2.01 ± 0.02b

a, b

22

Cis-verbenone

1204

1189

5.5 ± 0.01a

2.1 ± 0.03b

2.14 ± 0.02c

a, b

23

Cis -dihydrocarveol

1941

1940

0.01 ± 0.00b

-

0.63 ± 0.03a

a, b

24

Cis-thujanol

1078

1076

 

0.37 ± 0.01a

 

a, b

25

Camphenol

1105

1102

0.06 ± 0.00b

 

0.75 ± 0.00a

a, b

Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons

26

Germacrene D

1477

1480

3.2 ± 0.02a

2.5 ± 0.02b

2.2 ± 0.01c

 

27

α-copaene

1376

1381

2.03 ± 0.01a

 

0.2 ± 0.00b

a, b

28

Caryophyllene

1454

1419

2.9 ± 0.03c

4.8 ± 0.00a

3.1 ± 0.02b

a, b

Other hydrocarbons

29

Xylene

877

875

0.02 ± 0.00a

 

0.01 ± 0.00b

a, b

30

2-decyne

1199

1187

0.36 ± 0.03a

0.03 ± 0.01c

0.26 ± 0.00b

a, b

31

Eugenol

1305

1289

0.34 ± 0.01a

  

a, b

Total monoterpenes

70.74

71.28

77.31

 

Total oxygenated monoterpenes

10.39

16.04

15.65

 

Total sesquiterpenes

8.13

7.3

5.5

 

Total other hydrocarbons

0.92

0.03

0.27

 

Overall total concentration

90.18

94.65

98.73

 
  1. LRIcalca = calculated linear retention index; LRIlitb = linear retention index taken from reference Both values were calculated as the mean of three GC analysis. Data shown as means ± standard deviations. Different letters in superscripts represent significant differences among Pistacia lentiscus L. oleo gum resin EO derived from different extraction methods. a = identification based on retention index. b = identification based on comparison of mass spectra”.