Table 3 Results of measurement model (outer-loadings, outer- weights, and VIF).

Innovative Pedagogical Approaches

IPA1

I hope to learn better when my teachers use innovative methods.

IPA2

Innovative methods make classroom teaching more interesting.

IPA3

I love to see my teacher using innovative methods in the classroom.

IPA4

I am bored of listening to traditional methods of teaching.

IPA5

I want my teacher to use more technology in teaching.

Student Critical Thinking

SCT1

I can extract the most relevant parts of a text.

SCT2

To evaluate the information, I check many sources.

SCT3

I like combining information from different texts.

SCT4

If necessary, I can recall information about which I once read.

SCT5

I like to collate different opinions and compare them with each other.

SCT6

I try to use the information I have learned in everyday life.

Student Learning Outcomes

SLO1

I pay attention and listen during every discussion.

SLO2

I want to get good grades in every subject.

SLO3

I actively participate in every discussion.

SLO4

I enjoy homework and activities because they help me improve my skills in every subject.

SLO5

I exert more effort when I do difficult assignments.

SLO6

Solving problems is a useful hobby for me.

Inclusive Leadership

IL1

Really cares about my well-being.

IL2

Treats me as equally as he/she treats others, without discrimination.

IL3

Give me opportunities to discuss how to integrate the perspectives offered.

IL4

Pays special attention to soliciting different points of view and approaches.

IL5

Provides the encouragement and emotional support necessary to ensure I continue presenting new ideas.