Fig. 4

Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) distribution profiles of trapped EVs from CSF in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cognitive unimpaired (CU). The NTA profiles represent EVs isolated from the CSF of AD patients (N = 20) and CU (N = 20). The EVs were aspirated at a volume of 75 µl with a flow rate of 200 µl. The analysis revealed a mean particle size of 144 nm across the samples AD and CU groups.