Table 5 Random effects meta-analysis of average daily cigarette consumption per individual who smoked daily (intensity) by demographic category: At-risk subsample (N = 38,290).
From: A cross-national analysis of demographic variation in daily smoking across 22 countries
Prediction Interval | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Category | Est | 95% CI | SE | LL | UL | Heterogeneity (τ) | I2 | Global p-value |
Age group | < 0.001** | ||||||||
18–24 | 7.60 | (6.22,8.97) | 0.70 | 3.66 | 16.29 | 3.15 | 95.1 | ||
25–34 | 9.22 | (7.72,10.73) | 0.77 | 4.49 | 18.28 | 3.52 | 97.8 | ||
35–44 | 10.48 | (9.04,11.91) | 0.73 | 5.27 | 18.38 | 3.34 | 97.4 | ||
45–54 | 10.96 | (9.50,12.42) | 0.75 | 5.21 | 18.84 | 3.40 | 97.3 | ||
55–64 | 11.30 | (9.60,13.00) | 0.87 | 2.82 | 17.42 | 3.96 | 97.8 | ||
65–74 | 10.87 | (9.28,12.47) | 0.81 | 4.68 | 16.34 | 3.51 | 94.4 | ||
75–84 | 9.21 | (7.43,10.99) | 0.91 | 2.38 | 12.42 | 3.08 | 92.7 | ||
85 or older | 8.31 | (4.70,11.92) | 1.84 | 3.64 | 11.63 | 3.39 | 88.3 | ||
Gender | < 0.001** | ||||||||
Male | 10.66 | (8.93,12.39) | 0.88 | 5.16 | 21.42 | 4.11 | 99.3 | ||
Female | 9.64 | (8.52,10.75) | 0.57 | 4.09 | 13.33 | 2.42 | 96.9 | ||
Other | 7.89 | (3.72,12.06) | 2.13 | 4.28 | 17.26 | 4.78 | 87.8 | ||
Marital status | < 0.001** | ||||||||
Married | 10.17 | (8.71,11.63) | 0.74 | 5.13 | 17.21 | 3.45 | 98.8 | ||
Separated | 9.99 | (8.67,11.30) | 0.67 | 5.16 | 13.92 | 2.48 | 80.2 | ||
Divorced | 12.33 | (10.23,14.43) | 1.07 | 5.80 | 23.03 | 4.38 | 95.9 | ||
Widowed | 11.57 | (9.80,13.34) | 0.90 | 5.63 | 16.42 | 3.45 | 89.6 | ||
Domestic partner | 9.57 | (8.10,11.03) | 0.75 | 3.72 | 12.88 | 2.86 | 95.4 | ||
Single, never married | 9.90 | (8.37,11.42) | 0.78 | 4.15 | 18.96 | 3.56 | 97.8 | ||
Employment status | < 0.001** | ||||||||
Employed for an employer | 9.91 | (8.40,11.42) | 0.77 | 4.86 | 17.64 | 3.56 | 98.9 | ||
Self-employed | 10.57 | (8.90,12.23) | 0.85 | 5.24 | 21.42 | 3.90 | 97.4 | ||
Retired | 10.69 | (9.03,12.34) | 0.84 | 2.70 | 17.88 | 3.80 | 96.1 | ||
Student | 7.14 | (5.75,8.53) | 0.71 | 2.88 | 13.02 | 2.86 | 93.1 | ||
Homemaker | 10.28 | (8.75,11.80) | 0.78 | 4.50 | 14.67 | 3.16 | 89.3 | ||
Unemployed and looking for a job | 10.80 | (9.12,12.47) | 0.85 | 3.99 | 18.40 | 3.79 | 95.9 | ||
None of these/other | 11.37 | (9.23,13.50) | 1.09 | 3.68 | 22.88 | 4.59 | 95.7 | ||
Education | < 0.001** | ||||||||
Up to 8 years | 11.22 | (9.41,13.03) | 0.92 | 4.60 | 18.93 | 4.08 | 97.2 | ||
9–15 years | 10.39 | (8.87,11.91) | 0.78 | 5.13 | 17.84 | 3.60 | 99.2 | ||
16 + years | 9.65 | (8.22,11.09) | 0.73 | 4.69 | 17.87 | 3.11 | 97.3 | ||
Religious service attendance | < 0.001** | ||||||||
> 1/week | 9.29 | (7.64,10.95) | 0.85 | 4.19 | 18.11 | 3.74 | 96.5 | ||
1/week | 9.14 | (7.80,10.48) | 0.68 | 4.81 | 16.77 | 3.06 | 95.7 | ||
1–3/month | 9.16 | (7.78,10.53) | 0.70 | 4.36 | 15.62 | 3.11 | 95.4 | ||
A few times a year | 10.65 | (9.10,12.21) | 0.79 | 5.26 | 19.12 | 3.59 | 97.7 | ||
Never | 11.11 | (9.67,12.55) | 0.74 | 6.36 | 18.96 | 3.33 | 98.1 | ||
Immigration status | < 0.001** | ||||||||
Born in this country | 10.31 | (8.82,11.79) | 0.76 | 5.21 | 18.15 | 3.53 | 99.3 | ||
Born in another country | 9.18 | (7.71,10.65) | 0.75 | 2.90 | 17.03 | 2.88 | 93.7 | ||
