Fig. 3

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (A) mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes was evaluated using qRT-PCR; GAPDH used for normalization. (B) Expression of proinflammatory cytokines was determined using western blot analysis. (C) Densitometry analysis of protein bands shown in (B) using the ImageJ software. Results are means ± SDs. n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. (A,C) P-values were determined using a one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc tests.