Fig. 1

Spatial distribution of earthquakes above M ≥ 5 in western Chinese Mainland since 1999, the focal mechanism solutions of No.1 to No.9 correspond to the West Kunlun Mountain Pass M 8.1 earthquake occurred in 2001, the Yutian M 7.3 earthquake occurred in 2008, the Wenchuan M 8.0 earthquake occurred in 2008, the Yushu M 7.1 earthquake occurred in 2011, the Lushan M 7.0 earthquake occurred in 2013, the Yutian M 7.3 earthquake occurred in 2014, the Jiuzhaigou M 7.0 earthquake occurred in 2017, the Maduo M 7.4 earthquake occurred in 2021, the Wushi M 7.1 earthquake occurred in 2024, respectively. The figure was created using GMT 6 (Generic Mapping Tools) software6.