Table 5 Logistic regression analysis for the factors related to frailty in HD participants (n = 408).

From: Prevalence and risk factors of pre-frailty and frailty in hemodialysis patients in central China

Variables	Categories	Pre-frailty VS robust^a OR (95% CI)	Frailty VS robust^a OR (95% CI)
Sex	Male^a/Female	0.86 (0.52 ~ 1.42)	1.26 (0.8 ~ 1.98)
Age (years)		1 (0.98 ~ 1.02)	1.03 (1.02 ~ 1.05)^***
Age (years)	< 60^a/≥60	1.12 (0.67 ~ 1.86)	2.21 (1.39 ~ 3.51)^**
Height (cm)		1.02 (0.98 ~ 1.05)	0.98 (0.95 ~ 1.01)
Weight (kg)		1.02 (1 ~ 1.04)^*	1.01 (0.99 ~ 1.02)
Religion	Yes^a/no	0.37 (0.03 ~ 4.1)	0.18 (0.02 ~ 1.48)
Marry status	Single/Divorced/Widowed	1.6 (0.84 ~ 3.05)	0.95 (0.5 ~ 1.79)
	Married^a
With children	Yes^a/no	1.81 (0.92 ~ 3.58)	0.43 (0.18 ~ 0.98)^*
Education level	Abover elementary school	0.92 (0.56 ~ 1.52)	0.6 (0.38 ~ 0.95)^*
	Elementary school and below^a
Residential situation	With family^a/Others	1.17 (0.52 ~ 2.65)	1.05 (0.49 ~ 2.24)
Employment	Yes^a/no	1.28 (0.59 ~ 2.74)	1.53 (0.75 ~ 3.11)
Monthly household income(yuan)	≤ 3000^a/>3000	0.7 (0.42 ~ 1.15)	0.57 (0.36 ~ 0.89)^*
Smoking Status	Never	0.52 (0.29 ~ 0.93)^*	0.39 (0.23 ~ 0.67)^**
	Smokers/quit smokers^a
Drinking Status	Never	0.72 (0.42 ~ 1.22)	0.6 (0.37 ~ 0.97)^*
	Drinkkers/quit drinkers^a
Exercise	No^a/yes	0.87 (0.52 ~ 1.47)	0.31 (0.18 ~ 0.54)^***
Dialysis frequency	Three times a week	1.28 (0.57 ~ 2.91)	1.16 (0.58 ~ 2.32)
	Five times two weeks	1.4 (0.59 ~ 3.29)	0.85 (0.4 ~ 1.8)
	Twice a week^a
Dialysis duration(years)	< 5^a/≥5	0.8 (0.47 ~ 1.39)	1.35 (0.84 ~ 2.16)
Falls	Yes^a/no	0.25 (0.09 ~ 0.66)^**	0.12 (0.05 ~ 0.3)^***
Vascular access	Artificial blood vessels	0.51 (0.16 ~ 1.64)	2.34 (1.09 ~ 5.01)^*
	Central venous catheter	2.17 (0.9 ~ 5.23)	2.85 (1.27 ~ 6.43)^*
	Arteriovenous fistula^a
Hypertension	Yes^a/no	1.17 (0.58 ~ 2.36)	1.65 (0.9 ~ 3.03)
Diabetes	Yes^a/no	0.72 (0.41 ~ 1.27)	0.36 (0.22 ~ 0.58)^***
Heart disease	Yes^a/no	0.49 (0.26 ~ 0.9)^*	0.3 (0.17 ~ 0.52)^***
Cerebral disease	Yes^a/no	0.74 (0.1 ~ 5.34)	0.09 (0.02 ~ 0.37)^**
Other diseases	Yes^a/no	0.78 (0.35 ~ 1.73)	1.43 (0.63 ~ 3.26)
Confrontation		0.99 (0.91 ~ 1.06)	0.97 (0.91 ~ 1.04)
Avoidance		0.97 (0.85 ~ 1.12)	1.05 (0.93 ~ 1.19)
Resignation		1.02 (0.91 ~ 1.13)	1.13 (1.02 ~ 1.24)^*
Psychological resilience		0.96 (0.92 ~ 0.99)^*	0.94 (0.91 ~ 0.97)^***

^aReference group.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

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Table 5 Logistic regression analysis for the factors related to frailty in HD participants (n = 408).

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