Fig. 1

DQ supplementation demonstrates no pharmacological toxicity. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental workflow, detailing the CHH exposure and subsequent DQ treatment regimen. Mice were exposed to a simulated altitude of 5,000 m (22 h/day) in a hypobaric chamber and received DQ treatment for eight weeks. (B) Histological sections of major organs (liver, lung, cerebrum, kidney, heart, thymus, pancreas, and spleen) stained with hematoxylin and eosin in mice. (C-I) Biochemical analysis of serum levels of ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine, EPO, HCT, and lung weight in DQ-administered mice compared to controls. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), with n = 10 per group. Asterisks indicate statistical significance relative to the reference groups, with p-values denoted as *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ns, not significant.