Table 1 Pairwise comparison of habitat suitability at the non-breeding grounds for three breeding populations of Nightingales in 2001 and 2020. Differences P < 0.05 are shown in bold, differences at P < 0.1 are shown in italics. Sample sizes were based on number of individuals per population.

From: Extreme migratory connectivity and apparent mirroring of non-breeding grounds conditions in a severely declining breeding population of an Afro-Palearctic migratory bird

Country

β

SE

P

Difference between years

− 0.002

0.006

0.644

Pairwise differences between years

 UK

− .010

0.007

0.163

 France

0.020

0.012

0.087

 Italy

− 0.007

0.016

0.648

Pairwise differences between countries

 2001

  UK–France

− 0.062

0.014

0.001

  UK–Italy

− 0.043

0.018

0.051

  France–Italy

0.020

0.020

0.602

 2020

  UK–France

− 0.092

0.014

 < 0.001

  UK–Italy

− 0.045

0.018

0.037

  France–Italy

0.047

0.020

0.061