Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Lactobacillus lysates protect oral epithelial cells from pathogen-associated damage, increase secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance barrier integrity

Fig. 4

Differences in cell viability compared to the pathogen only control (sample cell viability minus the mean viability of the pathogen-only control). TR146 cells were pre-treated with probiotic lysates (250 µg/mL) for 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. Live pathogen (104) was then added for 24 h after pre-treatment. Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (SD), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) n = 3. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG) n = 6. Control represents cells which were treated with DPBS and were not challenged with pathogen. Bars represent the mean+/- SD. Statistics are compared to the pathogen-only control: Two-way ANOVA: A=(p < 0.05), B=(p < 0.01), C=(p < 0.001), D=(p < 0.0001).

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