Table 2 Summary of major algorithms applied for signal detection.

From: Pharmacovigilance imbalance analysis of VEGFR-TKI-related taste and smell disorders

Algorithms

Equation#

Criteria

ROR

ROR=(a/b)/(c/d)

95%CI = eln(ROR)±1.96(1/a+1/b+1/c+1/d)^0.5

95%CI-low > 1, N ≥ 3

PRR

PRR=(a/(a + c))/(b/(b + d))

χ2 =∑[(O-E)2/E], [O = a, E =(a + b)(a + c)/(a + b + c + d)]

PRR ≥ 2, χ2 ≥ 4,

N ≥ 3

BCPNN

IC = log2a(a + b + c + d)/((a + c)(a + b))

IC025 = eln(IC)−1.96(1/a+1/b+1/c+1/d)^0.5

IC025 > 0

  1. # a: number of reports containing both the suspect drug and the suspect adverse drug reaction. b: number of reports containing the suspect adverse drug reaction with other medications (except the drug of interest). c: number of reports containing the suspect drug with other adverse drug reactions (except the event of interest). d: number of reports containing other medications and other adverse drug reactions.ROR, reporting odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; N, the number of co-occurrences; PRR, proportional reporting ratio; χ2, chi-squared; BCPNN, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network; IC, information component; IC025, the lower limit of the 95% two-sided CI of the IC;
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