Fig. 3
From: Deconstructing Barisanus’ medieval casting technology based on digital twins

When cast in open moulds beeswax shrinkage experiments yielded overall linear shrinkage values of up to 3%. Left: wax was cast in an open mould. Right: The dramatic shrinkage can be seen with the naked eye. Note that this beeswax is dyed black with soot to enhance the visibility of the surface relief. Table 2 provides the relevant measurements. Image:Â 2024 B. Asmus.