Fig. 2

CGA regulates fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of H9 by FAO. (A) Volcano plot displaying the impact of CGA on the transcriptome of H9. (FC > 1.4, FC < -1.4, p < 0.05.) (B–C) GO analysis of differentially expressed genes in CGA-treated H9: red indicates pathways enriched in up-regulated genes (B), while blue indicates pathways enriched in down-regulated genes (C). (D) GSEA of fatty acid metabolism-associated genes showing preferential upregulation in CGA-treated H9. (E) Scheme of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into fatty acid oxidative (FAO) metabolism, showing the targets of TMZ. (F) Unsupervised clustering of transcriptomes in vehicle, CGA, and CGA + TMZ-treated groups. (G) Heatmap of fatty acid β-oxidation genes in H9 in the indicated groups. (H) Scatterplots of RNA-seq data of H9 in CGA-treated versus vehicle groups (x-axis) and CGA + TMZ versus CGA-treated groups (y-axis). Red dots and blue dots represent genes related to fatty acid synthesis and G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle, respectively. (I) Prediction of long-chain fatty acid metabolites by COMPASS. (J) BODIPY 493/503 staining revealed increased fatty acids in CGA-treated H9 but rescued by TMZ. (K) Diameters of H9 clones in the indicated treatments. (**p < 0.01, Student’s t-test).