Fig. 4

Metabolic reprogramming by CGA treatment in H9 cells. (A) The heatmap illustrates gene expressions associated with metabolic pathways in the vehicle, CGA, and CGA + TMZ-treated H9 cells. (B) The heatmap visualizes changes in intermediate metabolites linked to metabolic pathways in the vehicle, CGA, and CGA + TMZ-treated H9 cells. (C) This schematic diagram depicts the one-carbon metabolism pathway, which provides methyl donors for DNA and histone methylation. (D–F) Transcriptome analysis reveals the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase genes (D), histone methyltransferase genes (E), and XIST (F) in the vehicle, CGA, and CGA + TMZ-treated H9 cells. (G) The violin plot demonstrates the expression levels of genes located on Chromosome X and Chromosome 1 in the vehicle, CGA, and CGA + TMZ-treated H9 cells.