Fig. 1

Study flow chart and clinical photographs of the surgical procedures. (A) Study flow chart. (B) Clinical photographs of surgical procedure for defect formation and bone grafting. (a) Bilateral mandibular premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted 4 weeks preoperatively. (b) Two defects were created. (c) Bone defects measuring 10 (width) × 3 (length) × 4 mm (height). (d) Bone defects grafted with bone graft material. (e) Collagen membrane placed over the grafted area. (f) Surgical site was sutured. (C) Clinical photographs of surgical procedure for implant placement. (a) Elevated flap. (b) Implants were placed at the center of the grafted site. (c) Surgical site suturing.