Fig. 2
High-glucose (HG) induction of mitophagy and its modulation by autophagy inhibition in RGCs. (A) TEM analysis demonstrating HG-induced mitophagy and its suppression by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. (B) Protein expression levels of mitophagy markers (LCBII, Parkin, PINK1), Mfn2, and Drp1 in HG-induced RGCs with or without 3-MA treatment. (C) EdU incorporation assay showing HG-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and its partial rescue by autophagy inhibition. (D) Cell death analysis indicating the attenuation of HG-induced cell death by 3-MA. (E) Protein expression levels of CaMK2A and phosphorylated CREB in HG-induced RGCs with or without 3-MA treatment. (F) CREB transcription activity assay demonstrating no reduction in CREB-dependent DNA binding under HG condition in the presence of autophagy inhibitor. (G) Dopamine and DOPAC production in RGCs after HG induction with or without 3-MA treatment. N=3 independent experiments. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001.
