Fig. 1

Two ventilation techniques. (A) The nasal airway ventilation technique, in which the mouth and lips were shut tightly by one hand of an operator and the nostrils were occluded with the thumb and forefinger of another hand. (B) The facemask ventilation technique, in which moistened gauzes were placed at the hollow cheeks and two-handed “VE-clamp” facemask ventilation was performed.