Fig. 3

Resistance status of Echinochloa in paddy fields to cyhalofop-butyl in 13 cities of Jiangsu province from 2020 to 2022. No populations were collected at the following sampling points: Suqian (2022), Taizhou (2020–2022), Xuzhou (2020, 2022), Changzhou(2022), and Yangzhou (2022), so no resistance frequency data was available.