Fig. 4: Simulated differences of sea surface temperature, turbulent heat flux, and wave activity flux in summer between 1761–1775 A.D. and 1746–1760 A.D. based on full-forcing ensemble member 001 of CESM-LME.
From: PDO influenced interdecadal summer precipitation change over East China in mid-18th century
a Sea surface temperature (SST, shading, unit: °C, significant at 90% confidence level). Red triangle, circle, and box represent the locations of the reconstruction sites in Kunashir island, Amchitka island (North Pacific), and Tree Nob islands (Northeast Pacific), respectively. They indicate an increase in reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST). Blue box represents the ___location of the reconstruction site in the Northern Ryukyus (subtropical Western North Pacific), indicating a decrease of the reconstructed SST. Black box represents the ___location of the reconstruction site in the South China Sea, showing little change of the reconstructed SST. b Turbulent heat flux (the sum of surface sensible heat flux and latent heat flux, shading, unit: W m-2, significant at 90% confidence level). c 30 years summer horizontal wave activity flux (arrow, unit: m2 s-2) and geopotential height anomaly (shading, unit: gpm) at 200 hPa during 1746–1775 A.D.
