Fig. 11: Statistics of Ishigakijima sounding and initial conditions of sensitivity experiments.

a RH profiles from sounding observations at Ishigakijima during 2005 to 2014 under weak synoptic weather conditions. The black, orange, and green lines represent the 3 clusters of the driest 33%, middle 33%, and wettest 33% soundings according to the 500-hPa RH, respectively. The thicker lines represent the averaged profiles of the 3 clusters. b RH profiles for the initial conditions of the sensitivity experiments while changing the free troposphere moisture, with 500-hPa RH varied by 20% and uniform RH below about 1.5 km.