Fig. 5: Spatial distribution of CCDI in cancer areas and its relationship with LUAD progression. | npj Precision Oncology

Fig. 5: Spatial distribution of CCDI in cancer areas and its relationship with LUAD progression.

From: Integrating bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics to identify and functionally validate novel targets to enhance immunotherapy in NSCLC

Fig. 5

The LUAD tissues from which the scRNA-seq dataset (GSE189357, n = 6) was obtained were the same as those used for the Visium spatial transcriptomic dataset (GSE189487, n = 6). a The t-SNE plot shows major cell types inferred from LUAD scRNA-seq data, including lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) (GSE189357). b This heatmap presents pathway activity scores and CCDI for tumors at different stages, as evaluated by GSVA. c Using cell type markers identified from the above scRNA-seq data to annotate the spatial gene expression data from Visium, thereby mapping cell types to their locations within the tissue section, two samples for each tumor status (GSE189487). d Using Visium spatial transcriptomic data to map the levels of CCDI and CCDI genes back to tissue structures for indicted samples (Each point represents the expression level of CCDI-related genes and CCDI scores in each spot; The color depth indicates the relative expression level of the corresponding indicator). e Malignant epithelial cells were extracted from an IAC sample for subpopulation analysis (C1–C3) and spatial trajectory analysis, and then the cell subpopulations were mapped back to tissue architecture. f The dynamic increase in expression levels of PTGES3 during the evolution of spatial trajectories. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

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