Extended Data Fig. 1: RIOK1 is commonly upregulated in HCC and is associated with poor patient survival.
a. Hierarchical clustering of TCGA data analysis showed highly expressed kinase-related expression matrix of HCC tumors in public TCGA 50 paired-RNA-seq datasets (n = 50 patients). b–e, To visually illustrate the distribution of glutamine in liver cancer and adjacent normal tissues, representative mass spectrometry imaging result are shown for Patient 1 (b) and Patient 2 (c), along with the statistical analysis (d) of the tumor–normal tissue boundary in human samples (n = 3 patients; b-d) and mouse samples of SgP53/Myc spontaneous liver tumor (e, n = 1 mouse). The black circle represents liver tumor tissues. f, Pairwise comparisons of RIOK1 immunostaining scores in matched HCC and adjacent normal tissues in a cohort of 112 patients (n = 112 patients). g-h, Spatial transcriptomics expression in log-normalized (logNorm) counts for RIOK1 and glutamine metabolism genes in tumor tissues from patients with HCC. i, Comparisons of RIOK1 mRNA expression in HCC and adjacent tissues in nine datasets from the ICGC, TCGA and GEO databases. Data source and statistical analysis (left) and box plot depicting the range of RIOK1 expression values in defined tissues (right). Box plots show 25th, 50th (median) and 75th percentiles, with whiskers extending to 1.5× interquartile range of the hinge. j-k, Kaplan–Meier plots of OS and DFS of patients with HCC from the TCGA HCC cohort stratified according to high or low RIOK1 mRNA levels based on a median cutoff (n = 181 patients/group). l-m, RIOK1 protein (l) and mRNA (m) expression levels in a panel of HCC cell lines (n = 3 independent experiments, 2 technical replicates). Both blots are representative of n = 3 independent experiments. Data were analyzed by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-tests (d and f). All quantitative data are represented as mean ± SD.
