Fig. 5: Interface regulation strategies.
From: Materials and methods for cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaic devices
a Schematic diagram and cross-sectional HRTEM image of a 2D perovskite passivation layer. b Schematic representation of the chemical reaction between FA+ and 3-APy. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) image and height/potential profiles showing homogeneous surface potential generated by the 3-APy surface treatment. c Schematic representation of the facet-dependent passivation depending on passivation materials. d Donor number (DN) and dialectic constant of the various non-polar, polar and polar aprotic solvents for 2D deposition. DMF dimethylformamide, DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide, CHF chloroform, CBZ chlorobenzene, MeCN acetonitrile, EA ethyl acetate, IPA isopropyl alcohol, NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone, TMS tetramethyl sulfone, PC propylene carbonate, EC ethylene carbonate, NME nitromethane, DMAc dimethylacetamide, GBL γ-butyrolactone, THF tetrahydrofuran, DMPU N,N′-Dimethylpropyleneurea. e Schematic illustration of SAM between the FAPbI3 layer and the SnO2 layer, showing silane-based SAM features with a different terminal functional groups (-C3–Cl and -C3≡N). f MPP tracking of the encapsulated PSCs without SAM (ref.) and with -C3–Cl and -C3≡N SAMs. (a adapted with permission from ref. 112, Copyright 2022 The American Association for the Advancement of Science. b adapted with permission from ref. 113, Copyright 2022 Springer Nature. c adapted with permission from ref. 45, Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. d adapted with permission from ref. 115, Copyright 2022 The American Association for the Advancement of Science. e, f adapted with permission from ref. 116, Copyright 2024 Elsevier Inc.).
