Fig. 1: Conceptual framework for the calculation of the composite sustainability score (CSS) for aquaculture.
From: Social benefits and environmental performance of aquaculture need to improve worldwide
CSS is calculated as the average value of the societal benefits score (SBS), environmental pollution score (EPS), and resource utilization score (RUS). Those three scores are calculated as the average of the normalized scores of all relevant indicators (S). Higher score values indicating higher societal benefits (SBS) and minimal environmental pollution (EPS) and resource utilization (RUS). See Methods for details on scores computing. m, n, and k, which represent the number of indicators in Resource Utilization, Environmental Pollution, and Societal Benefits, respectively. The data of greenhouse gas emissions, energy, and freshwater use for each country was extracted from Jiang et al.32; the parameters used to calculate nitrogen and phosphorus emissions, as well as land use, were sourced from Gephart et al.10, with these three parameters, we further calculated the total nitrogen and phosphorus emissions as well as land use for each country as well as the comprehensive sustainability index. See Methods for more details. The silhouettes of fish, shrimp and bivalve in societal benefits were downloaded from http://phylopic.org.
