Fig. 8: Anatomical structures surrounding the implant.

Cadaver study of the extrapelvic and intrapelvic area around the implant. A Anatomical structures of the muscular and vascular lacunae in a female cadaver. Identified are: (I) sartorius muscle, (II) iliopsoas muscle, (III) femoral nerve, (IV) femoral artery, (V) femoral vena, and (VI) obturator nerve. B Anatomical structures of the muscular and vascular lacunae in a male cadaver. Identified are: (I) sartorius muscle, (II) iliopsoas muscle, (III) femoral nerve, (IV) femoral artery, (V) femoral vena, (VI) obturator nerve, and (VII) spermatic cord. C Schematic illustration of the obturator foramen, showing the obturator canal where the obturator nerve and vessels pass out of the pelvis. The canal is located at the cranio-lateral border of the foramen, whereas the implant is on the opposite side. D Anterior view of the dissected obturator foramen. E Posterior oblique view of the obturator foramen covered by the fascia of the obturator internus muscle. An asterisk marks the bladder. Long white arrows indicate the obturator nerve exiting the canal. Short white arrows indicate the implant. Black arrows point to the pubis symphysis. The distance between the implant and the canal is also shown in panels (D and E).