Fig. 2: Metabolomic analysis reveals distinct metabolite profiles between rural and urban PCOS patients.
From: Comparing the metabolomic landscape of polycystic ovary syndrome within urban and rural environments
a Volcano plot visualizing significantly altered metabolites, with log2 fold-change (FC) on the x-axis and -log10 p-value on the y-axis, demarcating the threshold of significance. Metabolites to the right are predominantly upregulated in Urban-PCOS, and those to the left are upregulated in Rural-PCOS. b Fold-change plot categorizing metabolites by the magnitude of their expression differences between the groups. c–o Violin plots showing the distribution of selected significant metabolites across the two cohorts, with statistical annotations (p-values) indicating the significance level. Statistical comparisons were performed using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. These plots elucidate the specific metabolite alterations within the comparative context of rural versus urban living environments in PCOS patients.
