Fig. 5: Co-exposure characteristics.

a Pearson correlation and K-means clustering between particulate matter, DAT, IDC and IDF, where + represents no significant correlation at p > 0.05, and b–d percentage of co-exposure days of DAT-PM10, IDC-PM10, and IDF-PM10, where 0_0 means low PM-suitable temperature; 0_1 means low PM-increasing DAT and IDC, or low PM-cooling IDF; 1_0 means high PM-suitable temperature; 1_1 means high PM-increasing DAT and IDC, or high PM- cooling IDF; 0_2 means low PM-warming IDF; and 1_2 means high PM-warming IDF.