Fig. 4: Design of a strut inclination-sensitive (SIS) complex octet-truss lattice using Eqs. (3)–(8).

a Input geometry (30 × 30 × 30 mm3). b Geometric modeling via FE meshing using hexahedral elements. c Cubic unit cells are embedded in each hexahedral element and interconnected to form a complex lattice. d–h 3D distribution of each group of struts in the CAD model: d θ = 0°; e 0° < θ < 30°; f 30° ≤ θ < 60°; g 60° ≤ θ < 90°; and h θ = 90°. This lattice contains 2101 struts.