Table 1 Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of density and mass loading predictions in the test sets for both pre-trained and TL-based NNs
 | Error (MAPE) [%] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Density | Mass loading | ||||
 | Graphite | Si-Gra | NMC | Graphite | Si-Gra | NMC |
Pre-trained NN | 4.5 | 78.8 | 56.1 | 13.9 | 45.0 | 70.8 |
TL-based NN | -- | 14.5 | 8.1 | -- | 3.7 | 10.6 |