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Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

The prevalence of mutations that can predispose to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear, especially in underrepresented populations. Here, the authors create a germline mutation map of 1,123 Chinese PDAC patients and compare them to cohorts from other populations, finding CFTR as a potential driver.

A quantum microsatellite, with a payload weighing only 23 kilograms, in combination with portable ground stations that weigh merely 100 kilograms, is capable of performing space-to-ground real-time quantum key distribution.

A graph-based pan-genome constructed from 30 genome assemblies covering Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’ and 29 wild diploid or polyploid Malus species highlights structural variation and genome evolution in the Malus genus.

Graphene nanoribbons are promising candidates for 2D material electrical interconnects; however, the top-down fabrication of nanoribbons has remained a challenge. Here, Chenet al. have used a hexagonal boron nitride template to grow narrow, integrated graphene nanoribbons with small bandgaps.

In this work, Dong and coworkers report a set of benzo[f]quinoline-linked covalent organic frameworks via a one-pot three-component [4 + 2] cyclic condensation reaction which are used as photocatalysts for H₂O₂ production in pure water.

The performance of kesterite solar cells is limited by charge carrier losses, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. By means of an integrated experimental and modelling framework, Li et al. identify the dominant loss mechanism in charge recombination at grain boundaries.

Aqueous zinc-bromine flow batteries show promise for grid storage but suffer from zinc dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, authors develop a reversible carbon felt electrode with Pb nanoparticles to suppress these issues, improving battery performance and cycle stability.

Existing method struggles with CHH methylation detection from the reads generated by the latest ONT technology. Here, the authors developed a deep learning model that can significantly improve CHH detection accuracy in plants.

A point mutation in the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase gene is found to rewire C1 metabolism and thereby enhance colonization capabilities and growth-promoting effects in plants. The effect of this mutation is prevalent across Methylobacterium strains.

The growth of high-quality graphene directly on to dielectric substrates is of key importance for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors use silane-catalysed chemical vapour deposition to fabricate large graphene sheets, up to 20 μm in size, on hexagonal boron nitride.

Carbon sequestration by Siberian forests has been low over the past decade due to disturbances that have decreased live biomass and increased dead wood, according to passive microwave observations.

In 1972, Erich Clar envisioned Clar’s goblet, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon featuring two unpaired electrons that are spin-paired. However, synthesizing it in a solution phase remains challenging. Now a derivative of Clar’s goblet has been prepared in solution, and spin entanglement at the molecular scale has been demonstrated experimentally.

The authors demonstrate enhancement by nearly two-orders of magnitude of the optical Stark effect in WSe₂ embedded into a Fabry Perot cavity, and use this mechanism to obtain an effective magnetic field of over 200 T and implement a XOR switch.

Exploring how aging compromises antitumor immunity, the authors reveal an age-related impairment of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T_RM cells in mouse tumor models and clinical samples. They implicate BFAR signaling and show that targeting BFAR restores T_RM generation and tumor control.

Superionic states of matter simultaneously exhibit some of the properties of a liquid and of a solid. Detailed numerical simulations predict two superionic phases in mixtures of helium and water.

Spin–orbit coupling in Bose gases is expected to lead to new phenomena, but the thermodynamic properties are not yet fully understood. An ultracold atom experiment using artificial spin–orbit coupling uncovers the finite-temperature phase diagram and a transition between a stripe-ordered and a magnetized phase.

Limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Asian populations results in a lack of representative reference panels, hindering imputation of Asian ancestry-specific genetic variants. Here the authors use WGS data from 11,067 individuals across 17 Asian countries to create a new reference panel which shows improved imputation accuracy for South Asian populations.

Huang et al. investigated the effects of long-term statins administration in a mouse model for diabetes and found that it can worsen insulin resistance, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Statins increased renal lipid uptake and inhibited fatty acid oxidation, contributing to diabetic nephropathy.

The kinase NIK activates a noncanonical NF-κB2 signaling pathway. Shao-Cong Sun and colleagues show that conditional loss of NIK in dendritic cells alters gut microbiome composition and T_H17 cell responses, as a result of reduced expression of IL-23, pIgR and fecal IgA transcytosis.

N/O-Heterocycles are widely spread in natural products and drug candidates. Here, the authors report a modular access to bridged piperidine-γ-butyrolactones via Cu/Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allyation and aza-Prins cyclization/lactonization sequences.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown some activity in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Here the authors report the results of a phase 2 trial of camrelizumab (anti-PD1) plus apatinib (VEGFR inhibitor) for previously treated ACC.

Here, the authors solve sequential structures of binding by the transcription activators NtcA and NtcB, showing that they cooperatively induce looping back of the promoter DNA towards RNA polymerase allowing transcription activation through a DNA looping mechanism.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

In situ reduction deposition is a scalable method for fabricating metal/MXene composites, but rational control remains difficult. Now an in situ reduction strategy for synthesizing metal/MXene composites with precise control over metal size, deposition site and nanostructure has been demonstrated.

Berberine has lipid-lowering effects and other metabolic benefits, but it presents with poor bioavailability. Here the authors conjugate berberine to liver-targeting nanoparticles, and show increased accumulation of berberine in the liver, improved metabolic profiles and reduced atherosclerotic plaques in mice.

A mixed-dimensional hot-emitter transistor based on mixed-dimensional graphene/germanium Schottky junctions uses stimulated emission of heated carriers, achieving an ultralow subthreshold swing and a high negative differential resistance.

The interactions between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and tumor cell aggregates remain to be investigated. Here, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal the cellular composition, formation, and function of TLS during tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Sensitive, biocompatible and stable contrast agents for MRI are in demand. Here, the authors combine gadolinium ions with amorphous calcium carbonate to make stable paramagnetic amorphous carbonate nanoclusters with high MRI contrast and significantly improved biocompatibility over commercial gadolinium-based agents.

Multiple lines of research show that NAD⁺ has an important role in ovarian aging; however, the role of NAD⁺ consumption during ovarian aging is incompletely understood. Here the authors study the role of the NADase CD38 to show that CD38 expression increases and NAD⁺ levels decrease with age in mice, and that CD38 deletion ameliorates ovarian aging.

The hydroclimatic variations of the Amazon River basin can exert profound impacts on the marine ecosystem in the Amazon plume region. Here the authors show that an amplified seasonal cycle of Amazonia precipitation during 1979–2018 leads to enhanced seasonality in both Amazon river discharge and ocean salinity.

Here, the authors explore how Ni single-atom sites on carbon nitride evolve under photocatalytic conditions. They show that this evolution plays a pivotal role in enhancing photocatalytic H₂O₂ production.

The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and accumulation of circulating free (cf) DNA increase with age but it is unknown whether DNA fragments cause joint inflammation. Here authors show that cf DNA levels are higher in RA patients and that in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, the exonuclease TREX1 suppresses synovial inflammation via promoting the degradation of cf DNA and inhibiting a senescence-like cellular state.

The mechanism of lithium dendrites penetrating solid electrolytes remains elusive. Herein, the authors reveal the Li deposition dynamics and the associated failure mechanism of solid electrolyte by visualizing the Li|LLZO interface evolution via in situ transmission electron microscopy.

Candidalysin is a toxin secreted by Candida albicans. Although critical for pathogenesis, its intracellular targets are not well mapped. Here, Zhang et al screen for interacting proteins and identify that candidalysin can modulate the DNA damage repair pathway to promote fungal infection.

A high-κ dielectric ceramic, magnesium niobate, can be epitaxially grown on a mica substrate and then transferred to form the gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors, providing van der Waals interfaces and high robustness to temperature and voltage.

Organic solar modules suffer from poor electrical contacts. Lu et al. embed the silver electrode into a polymer matrix and add chromium to enhance its electrical contact, achieving improved stability and a 14.04% efficiency on flexible modules with an active area of 41 cm².

Efficient milk production in mammals confers advantages by facilitating the transmission of energy from mother to offspring. However, the factors for establishing the efficiency in mammals are unknown. Here, the authors identify FUS as a regulator of efficient milk production in mammals.

IL-6 and RasGRP1 have been shown to have important functions during inflammation and cancer. Here the authors propose the protein and mRNA of RasGRP1 have opposing functions by promoting IL-6 mediated acute inflammation and inhibiting inflammation-associated cancer through mRNA and protein mechanisms respectively.

Finding the process parameters in molecular beam epitaxy for a specific density of quantum dots is a multidimensional optimization challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate real-time feedback controlled self-assembled InAs/GaAs QDs growth based on machine learning (ML) outputs.