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Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

A method mediated by [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is developed to synthesize a uniform, purer-phase 2D perovskite capping layer on 3D perovskite films. The PCBM interlayer mediates the reaction of the 2D passivator with the 3D perovskite and prevents grain-boundary etching, enhancing solar cell efficiency and stability.

Land surface modelling suggests that preserving woody debris in managed forests could remove 769–937 GtCO₂ from the atmosphere between 2025 and 2100.

Nano-groove traps at grain triple junctions significantly affect cation homogeneity in formamidinium–caesium perovskite films. Shallowing these traps improves interfacial properties and enhances solar cell performance.

Antibodies targeting sclerostin can ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis but present some cardiovascular risk. Here the authors show that the cardiovascular and skeletal effects of sclerostin are mediated by different loops, suggesting ways to preserve the positive effects on bone formation while avoiding the negative cardiovascular consequences.

Membranes with a balance between water permeability and salt rejection are desirable, and can be developed through self-assembly and aggregation. Here, the authors report a hydrogen-bonding strategy in a nanoconfined space to give controlled crystallisation, for membranes for reverse osmosis.

Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) action is linked to various metabolic disorders. Here the authors show that elevated expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), the enzyme driving local bone GC activation, is associated with bone loss and obesity mice.

The safety profile of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use remains controversial. Here, the authors show that PPI use is associated with an increased risk of 15 leading global diseases, with absolute risks increasing with baseline risks, highlighting the need for personalized PPI use strategies.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

In a large-scale, international, multicenter, phase 1/1b trial, treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with the B7H3-targeting antibody–drug conjugate YL201 was safe and showed preliminary clinical efficacy.

The ratio between the levels of two synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid predicts future cognitive resilience versus decline among presymptomatic individuals and individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease harboring amyloid and tau pathology.

Dielectric materials with high energy storage performance are desirable for power electronic devices. Here, the authors achieve high energy density and efficiency simultaneously in multilayer ceramic capacitors with a strain engineering strategy.

Despite the enormous potential of magnetically-guided soft robots for various applications, challenges related to inefficient locomotion in harsh environments hinder its development. Here, the authors demonstrate a multi-legged millirobot with excellent locomotion capability in harsh environments.

Wireless energy-responsive systems are essential for intelligent devices. This study demonstrates an electromagnetic-moist coupling effect for energy harvesting and signal transmission using fabricated ionic diode films, showing improved performance and potential for practical applications.

The detrimental effects of intragrain impurity nanoclusters on the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells remain unexplored. Here, the authors study the intragrain impurity annihilation by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and adopt a laser stimulus to heal such impurity.

Multi-region sequencing of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) can improve our understanding of the disease. Here the authors analyse 120 multi-region samples from 40 SCLC patients with whole exome sequencing and characterise their mutational burden, evolution, heterogeneity, and potential prognostic biomarkers.

Chen, Hu, Zhao, Fang and colleagues show that the ribosomal large subunit protein Rpl12 functions as a conserved ribophagy receptor in multiple organisms.

Axial chirality is found in many important compounds, such as bioactive molecules and catalytic components. Now palladium and chiral norbornene cooperative catalysis is reported for the construction of atropisomeric biaryls and chiral fluorenols.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Interfaces are crucial to the operation of perovskite solar cells. Xiao et al. report the existence of detrimental grain surface concavities and their removal with molecular additives to achieve solar cells with improved efficiency and stability.

Suraxavir marboxil, an antiviral drug designed to inhibit the polymerase acidic protein of influenza, alleviates symptoms in individuals with influenza faster than placebo in a phase 3 trial conducted in China.

The authors show that exosomal transfer of osteoclast-derived microRNAs to chondrocytes decreases the resistance of cartilage to matrix degeneration, angiogenesis and sensory innervation, and promotes osteoarthritis progression in mice.

In China, forest thinning combined with wood storage is projected to increase forest biomass carbon sink by 32 percent by 2060 under the high and medium emission scenarios, according to an analysis combining machine learning, meteorological, biomass data, and climate projections.

Phenotyping depression anxiety comorbidity is prominently heterogeneous. Authors established a common bridging (cb) factor model to identify homogeneous neurogenetic signatures of general structure of these bridging symptoms in this comorbidity.

The ability to manipulate the flux of ions across membranes is a key aspect of diverse sectors including water desalination, blood ion monitoring, purification, electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Here the authors illustrate the potential of using daily changes in environmental humidity as a continuous driving force for generating selective ion flux.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in dynamic environments, such as the lung. CFTR is known to be activated by ligand binding. Here, it is also found to be activated by mechanical stretching of cellular membranes.

The authors find that highly ordered ferroelectric hybrid perovskite domains exhibit planar chirality that switches sign between adjacent domains, which manifest in a large dichroic ratio for circularly polarized second harmonic generation from the ___domain walls.

RNA binding proteins can contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and development. Here the authors show that PUMILIO proteins, PUM1 and PUM2 contribute to CRC growth by inhibiting p21 expression.

The intelligent responses of Venus flytrap to various stimuli provide valuable insights into electronic design. Here, the authors report a liquid metal-based logic module with memory and counting properties to intelligently respond like the flytrap.

Light has limited penetration depth in vivo which has led to increasing interest in NIR-II fluorophores. Here, the authors report on the design and testing of an organic aggregation induced emission fluorophore with high quantum yield and demonstrate imaging of vasculature and intestines in live mice.

Cities and urbanization concentrate benzene, a carcinogen and brain toxin found in petroleum. This study estimated associations between benzene exposure and brain disorders in urban adults in the UK, finding elevated risks of dementia, major depression and anxiety disorder even at low benzene levels.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is an aggressive form of renal cancer, with differences in genomic mutations reported between Western and Eastern populations. In this study, the authors have compiled proteogenomic analysis of Chinese ccRCC to reveal genomic alterations and dysregulation of immune and metabolic responses.

The authors show that ELL3 maintains chromosomal ploidy by promoting spindle assembly and driving chromosome movement in oocytes. Deficiency of ELL3 results in oocyte aneuploidy and may lead to early miscarriage.

Ni-based catalysts are highly reactive for DRM, but they tend to deactivate quickly due to sintering and/or coking. Here a simple method for anchoring dispersed Ni sites in dealuminated Beta zeolite, enhancing metal-support interactions, results in a catalyst with superior stability and performance for DRM.

mTORC1 adapts cellular metabolism in response to nutrient signals. Here, the authors identify VWCE as a negative regulator of amino acid-dependent mTORC1 signaling and a potential as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer treatments.

The challenges in synthesizing and storing imines stimulate interest in designing stable precursors that can generate imines in situ during the reaction. Here, the authors report a nucleophilic addition of imines with cost-effective feedstocks and easily accessible nucleophiles, utilizing N functionalized hydroxylamine reagents as bench-stable precursors.

The migration and hygroscopicity of lithium salt in doped spiro-OMeTAD hampers the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ Eu(TFSI)₂ salts to generate superoxide radical for facile pre-oxidation, achieving enhanced efficiency and stability of solar cells and modules.