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The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

Coffee has been associated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence. Here, the authors show that caffeine inhibits the kynurenine pathway, boosting CD8⁺ T-cell immunogenic activity, which impairs colorectal cancer progression and enhances immunotherapy response.

Neural circuit mechanisms that regulate the panic-like defensive state are not fully understood. Using a robot-based experimental paradigm, the authors identify Cbln2-expressing (Cbln2+) neurons in the mouse posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) as a key neuronal population essential for the induction of panic-like defensive state.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

Designing efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution catalysts is challenging. Here, the authors construct high-density grain boundaries in V-doped RuO₂ to tune its electronic structure and boost stability, addressing the activity/stability trade-off in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers.

Two genetically linked TdNLR genes from wild emmer wheat are both required for YrTD121-mediated stripe rust resistance. The TdNLR1 and TdNLR2 pair lacks an integrated ___domain, representing an uncommon architecture for paired NLRs in plants.

Si-based all-solid-state batteries face application challenges due to the requirement of high external pressure. Here, authors prepare a double-layered Si-based electrode by cold-pressing and electrochemical sintering that enables all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

Mitophagy is crucial for mitochondrial function and is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors introduce an AI-assisted fluorescence microscopy system to track mitophagic intermediates in live cells and identify Y040-7904, a potential modulator that enhances mitophagy and reduces amyloid-β pathologies.

In general, heating increases disorder and leads to the loss of magnetism in condensed matter. Here, the authors demonstrate that a normal metal can be magnetized by applying a temperature gradient during non-uniform heating when attached to a magnetic insulator.

Chen et al. report a large-area white LED with sunlight-like emission by regulating the heterophase γ/σ-CsPb(I/Cl)₃ at nanoscale, in which a fraction of carriers recombines in γ-CsPbI₃ for deep-red emission, while other carriers diffuse to the heterophase interface for broadband emission.

Efficient and stable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution are essential for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. Here, the authors report Ru–O–Ir atomic interfaces that enable bridging oxygen-mediated deprotonation pathways, overcoming the activity/stability trade-off in acidic oxygen evolution.

Developing efficient catalysts for acidic electrosynthesis of H₂O₂ is desirable, while most materials are compromised in acidic conditions. Here, the authors report that constructing amorphous Pt–Se shells on crystalline Pt cores can regulate the reaction pathway to efficiently produce H₂O₂ in acid.

Mesoscale building blocks are instrumental in bridging multilevel hierarchical mineralization, but the mechanism orchestrating the homogeneous morphology of mesoscale mineralized motifs in collagen-based hard tissues remains unknown. Here, the authors reveal a robust correlation between the mesoscale mineralized spherules and the presence of phosvitin.

Transistor scaling degrades intrinsic gain, challenging analog circuit design. The authors fabricated carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with gate-modulated negative differential resistance, achieving high and variable intrinsic gain, even at deep-submicron scales.

Using field-effect transistors made from carbon nanotube films, five-stage ring oscillators can be fabricated that exhibit an oscillation frequency of up to 5.54 GHz.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

A biomimetic electrochemical eye is presented that has a hemispherical retina made from a high-density array of perovskite nanowires that are sensitive to light, mimicking the photoreceptors of a biological retina.

Life activities are inextricably linked to the regulation of trace copper ions. Here, the authors report a deep learning-assisted electrochemical sensor for single-atom detection of copper ions based on click chemistry and fast scan voltammetry.

Direct hydrogenation of CO₂ into liquid fuels can mitigate CO₂ emissions and reduce the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Here, the authors show an iron-based multifunctional catalyst that converts CO₂to gasoline with high selectivity due to synergistic cooperation of multiple catalytic active sites.

Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here the authors show that increased circulating and myocardial EOS after myocardial infarction play a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte death, cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis, and endothelium activation-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation.

Hybrid necrosis in wheat is caused by the complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. The underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, Si et al. demonstrated that a genetic interaction between the α/β hydrolase (Ne1) and the NLR immune receptor (Ne2) triggers autoimmune responses, inducing hybrid necrosis.

Ferrimagnets possess multiple spin sub-lattices resulting in a complex magnon band structure and subtle spin transport across interfaces. Here, the authors show how the spin Seebeck effect, the thermal generation of pure spin current, may be an effective tool to study these magnetic excitations.

A F-containing additive with efficient LiF contribution is urgent for Li metal batteries. The authors report a hexafluoroglutaric anhydride additive with a 91% conversion, enabling the Li metal anode with a LiF-rich interphase in regular electrolyte.

Here the authors report a tin anode design by encapsulating tin nanoparticles in graphene tubes. The design exhibits high capacity, good rate performance and cycling stability. Pairing with NMC, the full cell delivers a volumetric energy density twice as high as that for the commercial cell.

Rare particle enrichment is vital for research and industry. Huasheng Zhuo and colleagues introduce a microfluidic system combining acoustic, optical, and electrical units, achieving advancements in detection sensitivity and manipulation accuracy.

Comprehensive molecular characterisations could shed light on the high heterogeneity and poor prognosis of gliomas. Here, the authors perform proteomic profiling of 188 glioma patients, revealing immune and metabolic neuron-related subgroups as well as metabolic biomarkers linked to prognosis.

The practical application of solid-state rechargeable alkali metal batteries is hindered by the poor contact between the metal electrode and the solid electrolyte. Here, the authors report an ultrasound solid welding strategy to favor the contact between these cells components.

Materials with topologically non-trivial band structures promise applications exploiting exotic electronic transport behaviour. Here, the authors observe a large negative magnetoresistance in Cd₃As₂nanoribbons, evidence for a chiral transport anomaly required for its status as a Dirac semi metal.

Perovskite structure is disturbed by environmental moisture, limiting the device performance. Here, Wei et al. monitor the effect of moisture during the growth by N₂-protected characterization techniques, and obtain an operationally stable perovskite solar cell with efficiency approaching 24%.

Aluminium surface work hardening is used to create structures that cover multiple length scales, featuring precise nano-features and adaptable material options. The potential is showcased through multi-scale carbon network sensors.

Nanocarriers are promising in tumour-targeting drug delivery but limited by their delivery efficiency within tumour microenvironment (TME). Here the authors report the development of lipoic acid boronophenylalanine derivatives linked by short-chain PEG spacers which can self-assemble into versatile vesicles under TME-specific pH for targeted cancer therapy.

The microbial valorisation of greenhouse gases could offer promising approaches climate change mitigation. Here, authors demonstrate the coupling of methane oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction by microbial consortia, facilitated by the redox cycling of iron minerals.

There is an unmet need to improve the response to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors show that aberrant HER3 activation sustains the proliferation of PIK3CA wild type HNSCC cells and that HER3 inhibition increases response to PD-1 blockade in HNSCC preclinical models.

Solar-driven artificial food synthesis from CO₂ provides an approach to overcome the limitations of natural photosynthesis, but it is very challenging. Here, the authors report a hybrid electrocatalytic-biocatalytic flow system, coupling photovoltaics-powered electrocatalysis (CO₂ to formate) with a five enzyme cascade platform (formate to sugar), which achieves conversion of CO₂ to C6 sugar (L-sorbose) with a solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency of 3.5%.

Xie et al. report that GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus control mechanically evoked defensive attack, an important survival behavior that is often the last line of defense against threatening stimuli (for example, predators).

There is extensive interest in the design of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Here, the authors show that exfoliated single-layer nickel hydroxide can be used for the controllable surface growth of platinum nanowires, and evaluate the electrocatalytic performance of the composite material.

The application of graphite as anodes for anion-intercalation chemistry-based batteries suffers from durability issues. Here authors demonstrate that a positively charged two-dimensional poly(pyridinium salt) membrane can work as the artificial skin of the graphite electrode to enable long-term cycling stability.

Increasing the metal loading of single-atom catalysts (SACs) typically results in aggregation, which can have a detrimental effect on catalytic performance. Now, a nitrogen-doping-assisted atomization approach is reported that transforms metal-sulfide nanoparticles into ultrahigh-density metal–nitrogen–carbon SACs.

Tungsten trioxide (WO₃) is considered the most promising photocatalyst for the highly selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde, though the origins of its catalytic activity and reaction mechanism are still debated. Here, the authors use WO₃ with {001} and {110} facets as model photocatalysts, demonstrating that the photocatalytic oxidation of methane to formaldehyde in WO₃ depends on the surface structure, leading to different formaldehyde selectivity.

Basalt samples returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission are revealed to be two billion years old by radioisotopic dating, providing insight on the volcanic history of the Moon.

Aligned carbon nanotubes can be used to create six-transistor static random-access memory cells with an area of less than 1 μm² and performance superior to cells made using 90-nm-node silicon transistors, as well as field-effect transistors with scaled contacted gate pitch comparable with the 10 nm silicon technology node.

Endothelial Sirtuin1 downregulation in metabolic disorders causes vascular dysfunction and inflammation. Here, the authors show that deficiency of endothelial Sirtuin1, while having deleterious effects on the vasculature, stimulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and improves glucose disposal.

Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease that affects the kidney. Here, the authors use preclinical models and advanced profiling techniques to discover the mechanism by which defective cystine mobilization from lysosomes disrupts kidney cell function, offering insights into potential therapies.