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Risk factors modification is crucial for diabetes care. Here, the authors show the relationships of combined modifiable risk factors with common complications of type 2 diabetes and provide further insights into the mediating role of plasma proteomics.

The suboptimal performance of perovskite solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptor as the electron-transporting layer underscores the need for their molecular engineering. Here, authors substitute the core of Y6 with phenanthroline and crown ether, achieving a certified efficiency of 25.59%.

Influenza virus uses metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) as an endocytic receptor to enter cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

This work presents scNanoSeq-CUT&Tag, using long-read sequencing to profile histone modifications and DNA-binding proteins at the single-cell level.

The cellular organization of retinal development is biologically complex. Here, the authors use spatial transcriptomics to analyse developing human retina providing insights into spatiotemporal expression signatures and cellular communication during retinogenesis

A data mining and machine learning approach for improving surveillance reveals clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance profiles across chicken farms, abattoirs and environments in three provinces in China.

Infected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Here, the authors develop an electroactive mineralized scaffold that achieves nearly complete in situ healing of infected bone in rats, rabbits and beagle dogs.

The mechanisms of the natural control of hepatitis B virus infection remain obscured. Here, the authors reveal that matrix stiffness influences HBV replication via YAP-mediated mechanosignaling, uncovering a novel non-cytolytic mechanism for clearing viral infections in the liver.

An, Tan and colleagues reveal an unusual DNA phosphorothioation Tdp system, where TdpC adenylates DNA backbone for sulfur incorporation and TdpAB provides anti-phage immunity. The sensitivity of TdpAB to hydrophobicity of sulfur enables self–non-self discrimination.

Biosynthesis of the flavonoid naringenin in plants and bacteria is commonly catalysed by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) using one p-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules as substrates. Here, the authors report a fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetase PKS hybrid FnsA catalysing the formation of naringenin.

The histone deacetylase HDAC6 is a sensor of valine levels, and the abundance of valine in cells regulates DNA damage and cell homeostasis functions.

Bacterial heterodimeric tryptophan-containing diketopiperazines (HTDKPs) are bioactive natural products that are difficult to access chemically. Here, the authors identify a family of three related HTDKP-forming cytochrome P450s and engineer key amino acid residues to produce distinct diketopiperazines frameworks.

Traditional silicon vision chips often challenge in emulating complex biological behaviors. This work reports birdlike broadband neuromorphic visual sensor arrays with 5 bits of in-memory sensing and computing. The built reservoir computing system achieves motion and UV grayscale information extraction, leading to fusion visual imaging.

Understanding and preventing thermal runaway is critical to ensuring the safe and reliable operation of batteries. Here the authors demonstrate the large-scale production of a highly conductive graphene-based foil current collector to mitigate thermal runaway in high-capacity batteries.

A rice diterpenoid gene cluster is reported that controls the biosynthesis of 5,10-diketo-casbene, a phytoalexin that confers resistance to rice bacterial blight and blast fungus. It recently evolved in the japonica subspecies under artificial selection.

Genetic lineage tracing in mice shows that endocardium-derived fibroblasts preferentially proliferate in response to pressure overload. Ablation of these cells alleviates cardiac fibrosis and reduces functional decline after pressure overload injury.

‘Solitary waves are unique in nonlinear systems. Here, the authors report on an anomalous, solitary wave-like blister (SWLB) of MoS2 thin films, which propagates forward like solitary waves appearing in fluids. The SWLB results from fluid structure interaction due to an interfacial water nanolayer.’

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder mainly affecting the central face. Here, a single-cell atlas of facial skin from rosacea patients and healthy individuals reveals the molecular and cellular changes in skin-resident cell populations and identifies fibroblasts as a determinant in rosacea development.

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) usually form C–C bonds in natural products biosynthesis. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of a PKS in complex with products, which provides insight into the mechanism of the unexpected C–N bond formation.

This paper introduces FuXi-S2S, a machine-learning model that outperforms conventional numerical weather prediction models at subseasonal timescales globally, extending the skillful Madden–Julian Oscillation prediction form 30 days to 36 days.

Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway has been associated with the promotion of anti-tumor immunity. Here the authors show that TET2 upregulates tumor cGAS to activate STING in endothelial cells, inducing tumor vascular normalization and enhancing efficacy of anti-PD-L1 alone or combined with IL-2 in liver cancer preclinical models.

A multifunctional additive modulates the kinetics of perovskite film growth, enabling inverted perovskite solar cells with 24.8% power conversion efficiency and enhanced thermal stability.

Bacteria in the same environment can share genetic material but the extent to which this influences development of antimicrobial resistance is unclear. Here, the authors investigate the evidence for co-evolution of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria found coexisting in animals and the environment in chicken farms and slaughterhouses in China.

The prokaryote defence system Dnd relies on phosphorothioation (PT) of DNA backbone to distinguish between self and non-self DNA. Here, Xiong et al. describe a previously uncharacterized PT-based antiviral system that is independent of the canonical Dnd and is widespread in Archaea and Bacteria.

Control over topological antiferromagnetic entities is achieved at room temperature in multiferroic nanodevices using an electric field that induces magnetoelectric coupling to ferroelectric centre states.

SenB is a Se-glycosyltransferase in the microbial biosynthesis pathway of selenoneine. Here, the authors perform the structure-function investigation, providing mechanistic insights into a two-step catalytic reaction of SenB.

Oxidation of halides and subsequent segregation limit the stability of perovskite solar cells. Wu et al. synthesize anthraquinone derivatives to suppress oxidation while also passivating defects, achieving 25.2%-efficiency organic/perovskite tandem solar cells.

Chimeric triterpene synthases are identified that catalyse non-squalene-dependent triterpene biosynthesis.

Currently available mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dyes emit only one color in the visible or NIR-I and their applications are limited. Here, the authors develop upconversion mitochondria-targeted NIR-II fluorophores for synchronous upconversion-mitochondria-targeted cell imaging, in vivo NIR-II osteosarcoma imaging and photothermal efficiency

Phage contamination is a persistent problem in industrial biotechnology processes employing bacterial strains. Here, the authors report the construction of E. coli host strains with broad antiphase activities via the genomic integration of the Ssp defense system and mutations of components essential for phage infection cycles.

The mode of action of the biological Dnd antiphage defence system to cleave foreign DNA was not known. Now the activities of Dnd protein complexes are revealed, and a mechanism to discriminate between self-DNA and invading DNA is proposed.

The catalytic domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are responsible for a choreography of events that elongates substrates into natural products. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of a siderophore-producing dimeric NRPS elongation module in multiple distinct conformations, which provides insight into the mechanisms of catalytic trajectory.

SspABCD–SspE is a widespread bacterial defence system against phage infection, in which SspABCD is responsible for introducing phosphorothioate modifications and SspE serves as a nickase that cleaves foreign DNA.

Selective cleavage of C-C bonds is very important in organic chemistry, but remains challenging because of their inert chemical nature. Here, the authors report that Zn²⁺ coordinated with N species on N-doped carbon catalysts can catalyze the aerobic oxidative cleavage and esterification of C(CO)-C bonds with high efficiency and activity.

Extravasated erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contribute to the pathogenesis of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Here, the authors show that meningeal lymphatics drain extravasated erythorcytes and that blockage of this drainage aggravates SAH severity.

The regeneration of functional tendons remains a clinical challenge. Here the authors develop a biomimetic scaffold loaded with recombinant periostin and demonstrate its functionality in promoting tendon stem/progenitor cell recruitment and tenogenic differentiation, and tendon regeneration in a rat full-cut Achilles tendon defect model.

Streptovaricin C is an antibiotic containing a methylenedioxy bridge (MDB) moiety essential for its activity. Here, the authors show that a P450 monooxygenase StvP2 catalyses MDB formation, report its crystal structure in complex with the substrate, and elucidate mechanistic details of MDB formation.