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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Correlating aromatic carbons attached to fluorine with meta-position hydrogens in fluorine-labelled phenylalanines can yield two-dimensional correlations with narrow linewidths in large proteins. Adapting phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase increases the incorporation rate, while expanding the genetic code enables site-specific incorporation of fluorinated phenylalanine. The resulting HC_F-transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy can illuminate protein dynamics and drive multiplexed drug discovery campaigns.

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are primary tools for precise optical control over living cells. Structures of a viral ChR, OLPVR1, in closed (1.1 Å) and open (1.3 Å) states reveal the key details of its molecular mechanism.

Photoionization of atoms and molecules is a complex process and requires sensitive probes to explore the ultrafast dynamics. Here the authors combine transient absorption and photo-ion spectroscopy methods to explore and control the attosecond pulse initiated excitation, ionization and Auger decay in Kr atoms.

Ultra-compact phonon polariton devices may benefit from the atomically thin nature of van der Waals materials. Here, the authors report that atomically 2D transition metal dichalcogenides on a silicon carbide substrate support a 190-fold confinement of propagating surface phonon polaritons.

The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.

Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Dissimilatory sulfate reduction in archaeon ‘Candidatus Vulcanisaeta moutnovskia’ is distinct from bacterial sulfate reduction and sheds light on the evolution of sulfur metabolism.

Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar macrophages to cause release of T cell chemoattractants, thereby inducing local inflammatory cytokine release and further T cell activation, ultimately resulting in a positive feedback loop that drives alveolar inflammation.

Misharin, Sala and colleagues show that in patients with lung fibrosis after COVID-19, monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages activate an inflammatory and fibrotic program that was similar in patients with either resolving or progressing fibrosis.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

Genome-wide data for the three oldest known modern human remains in Europe, dated to around 45,000 years ago, shed light on early human migrations in Europe and suggest that mixing with Neanderthals was more common than is often assumed.

In C. elegans the chaperone hsp-16.2 predicts the penetrance of mutations and lifespan after heat shock, but it is not known why cells express different amounts of hsp-16.2. Here the authors show hsp-16.2 tracks differences in global gene expression capacity, rather than differences in signaling or intrinsic noise in adult intestine cells.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Markov, Ren, Senkow and colleagues report that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterized patients who recovered, whereas responses against nonstructural proteins and activation of NF-κB were associated with poor outcomes.

Pathway analysis aids interpretation of large-scale gene expression data, but existing algorithms fall short of providing robust pathway identification. The method introduced here includes coexpression analysis and gene importance estimation to robustly identify relevant pathways and biomarkers for patient stratification.

Ribosomes of all organisms have retained 5S rRNA as an autonomous rRNA species. Here the authors engineer a bacterial strain with ribosomes that do not have free 5S rRNA, and carry structural analyses that suggest the evolutionary preservation of 5S rRNA as an independent molecule is based on its role in the dynamic process of ribosome biogenesis.

The tethered ribosome system Ribo-T supports cell proliferation though at a reduced rate. Here the authors show this is due to slower ribosome assembly instead of reduced functionality.

Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.

Gaining insight on the structural transformations from atomic clusters to bulk materials is challenging. Here the authors synthesize a continuous cluster of germanium Ge₂₄⁴⁻, which can be viewed as two terminal Ge₉ units bridged via a Ge₆ central fragment, and characterize it by several techniques including X-ray diffraction; theoretical analysis indicates the presence of three aligned independent aromatic fragments.

Neuberger et al. report the structure of human channel TRPV6 in complex with a cannabinoid inhibitor tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and explore the pathway taken by the drug to reach binding sites in the portals that connect the membrane environment to the central cavity of the ion channel pore.

Sandwich-type clusters containing heterometallic interlayers have remained elusive. Here, the authors present the structure of a cluster composed of two aromatic nonagermanide caps flanking an heterometallic Ge@Pd₃ planar fragment, where the Ge center is formally zerovalent.

A single-cell atlas of the human lungs, integrating data from 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals and including samples from healthy and diseased lungs, provides a roadmap for the generation of organ-scale cell atlases.

Efforts to treat heart failure with antioxidants have failed. Here, authors reveal a robust sex-dependent endogenous defense against oxidative damage and demonstrate antioxidative treatment’s efficacy solely in subjects with inadequate redox capacity.

The authors report the structure of human oncochannel TRPV6 in complex with the plant derived phytoestrogen genistein. The structure provides insights into genistein binding in the channel pore, and how it acts as blocker and gating modifier, suggesting a mechanism of inhibition that can be explored for the structure-based drug design.

Photonic crystal microring resonators with a periodic corrugation inscribed along the resonator’s circumference allow programmable synthetic reflection for self-injection-locked microcombs and their operation exclusively in the single-soliton regime.

Metal utilization is important for the overall efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts, but reducing the amount of precious active phases is challenging due to intrinsic properties such as structure sensitivity. Now Hensen and colleagues engineer the interfaces of supported cobalt catalysts to overcome such structure sensitivity limitations in CO₂ hydrogenation.

X-ray ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy captures the charge migration in neutral silane molecules, which shows in the spectra as pairs of quantum beats.

Using structural, functional and spectroscopic investigations of a bacterial inward proton-pumping rhodopsin, Kovalev et al. reveal its molecular mechanism and show how proton wires mediate ion selectivity and direct proton transport through cell membrane.

Cryo-EM structures of the heat-activated TRP channel TRPV3 in lipid nanodiscs at different temperatures reveal a conformational wave involved in the gating process.

High-resolution measurements of Martian atmospheric dust, water and semiheavy water, obtained by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter during a global dust storm on Mars, are reported.

Rees et al. show that de novo mutations in the gene SLC6A1, and more broadly across evolutionary constrained genes and genes implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, increase the risk for developing schizophrenia.

Designing split protein approaches is time consuming and often results in high background activity due to spontaneous assembly. Here the authors present an automated approach which uses a split energy scoring function to identify optimal protein split sites and reduces spontaneous assembly.

Sorting insects based on sex is error prone and frequently labour intensive. Here, the authors present a drug-inducible sex separation system based on sex-specific rescue from antibotic toxicity.

Ribosome engineering is an emerging powerful approach for synthetic protein synthesis. Here the authors invert the Ribo-T system, using the engineered ribosome to translate the proteome while the native ribosome translates specific mRNA.

Genome-wide data for 763 individuals from inner Eurasia reveal 3 admixture clines in present-day populations that mirror geography, illuminating the historic spread and mixture of peoples across the Eurasian steppe, taiga and tundra.

Measuring photoionization time delays is an interesting and challenging topic. Here the authors demonstrate a method to measure the photoionization time delays using inner-shell ionization of CO molecule.

The peptide/histidine transporter 1, PHT1 (SLC15A4), is required for TLR-IRF5 activation via the adaptor protein TASL. Here, the authors determined the structure of PHT1 in the outward-open conformation and present a model of the PHT1-TASL complex where the first 16 residues of TASL bind into the central cavity of PHT1.