Search

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

T cell responses can be generated to either pathogen infection or from priming with a vaccine. Here the authors compare T cell generation, phenotype and single cell transcriptome of participants vaccinated with a mpox vaccine or infected with the virus showing that the virus induced T cells showed more effective function and phenotype.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

In CHIP, somatic mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell lead to a clonal subpopulation of blood cells. Here, the authors perform a CHIP meta-EWAS to establish its epigenetic features and age-related outcomes.

Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of the EMT inducer ZEB1 reveals its pivotal role in intracellular cytokine trafficking, boosting cytotoxic T cell abundance and immune responses, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastatic colonization in mice.

Certain RIFINs from Plasmodium falciparum can bind to both inhibitory (KIR2DL1) and activating (KIR2DS1) immune receptors on natural killer cells, demonstrating the potential role of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors in targeting pathogens and controlling malaria infection.

In the Tumor Profiler proof-of-concept observational study, a multiomics approach for profiling tumors from patients with melanoma was feasible, returning data within 4 weeks and informing treatment recommendations in 75% of cases.

Ultrafast quantum control of helium atoms is obtained by shaping the extreme ultraviolet pulses generated by a seeded free-electron laser.

Robbie Waugh and colleagues report that the EARLINESS PER SE (EPS2) locus is associated with spring growth habit and environmental adaptation in barley. Resequencing the barley homolog of CENTRORADIALIS, located within the EPS2 locus, in 216 spring and 207 winter barley accessions identified haplotypes at HvCEN that correspond with winter or spring growth habit.

It is widely believed that the Milky Way is set to collide with Andromeda, its nearest neighbour. New calculations using data from Hubble and Gaia that account for the effects of other galaxies show an almost 50% chance of our Galaxy avoiding this fate.

An ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, is used to generate Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubit states.

The efficiency of nonlinear optical processes in 2D materials is often reduced by weak light-matter interactions and crystal symmetry constraints. Here, the authors report the enhancement of classical second-harmonic generation in hexagonal boron nitride and quantum spontaneous parametric down-conversion in NbOCl₂ flakes by combining them with Au or SiO₂/Au substrates.

Natural hyperbolic materials hold the key to unlocking the full potential of hyperbolic media in nanophotonics. Until now no such materials were available for visible light but recent work finally brings down this roadblock.

Recent global disruptions have revived the food self-sufficiency debate. This study analyses countries’ trade dependencies and the discrepancy between their domestic food production and guidelines for a healthy and sustainable diet across seven essential food groups.

In mammals, two major non-centromeric histone H3 (H3.1/2 and H3.3) variants, display distinct nuclear distribution patterns across the genome and use distinct deposition pathways. Here the authors reveal insights on the nuclear distribution of H3.1 and H3.3 variants, focusing on their relative enrichment at chromocenters throughout the cell cycle and in different cellular states.

Crude oil contains multiple valuable hydrocarbons used for material synthesis, but their separation involves a laborious and energy-intensive multistep distillation process. Now, scientists introduce a simple two-step separation of important hydrocarbons from crude oil under ambient conditions using selective chemistry.

Subcellular mRNA localization is prevalent but with poorly understood physiological roles. Here, the authors show that Net1 mRNA targeting to the basement membrane controls epithelial tissue organization and keratinocyte-stromal connections.

A modular anti-albumin nanobody conjugated to a STING agonist enhances antitumour immunity by improving pharmacokinetics, tumour accumulation and immune responses, inhibiting murine tumour growth and enhancing cancer immunotherapies.

Trees come in all shapes and size, but what drives this incredible variation in tree form remains poorly understood. Using a global dataset, the authors show that a combination of climate, competition, disturbance and evolutionary history shape the crown architecture of the world’s trees and thereby constrain the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Upon proteotoxic stress, metazoan cells sequester protein aggregates in huge structures termed aggresomes. Here, the authors show that the disaggregase p97/VCP mediates the breakdown of aggresomes as a prerequisite for their degradation by autophagy.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Covalent inhibitors that selectively target bacterial enzymes are potential antibiotic drug candidates. Here, the authors apply high-throughput screening to identify selective covalent inhibitors that target serine hydrolases in Staphylococcus aureus

The Tnf^ΔΑRE mice overexpress TNF, resulting in ileitis, showing strong similarity to Crohn’s disease in human patients. Here authors describe the immune pathology of the murine disease model by single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial and functional experiments to find that spatially distinct subsets of fibroblasts initiate the disease and drive disease progression.

The observation of the transition from hcp H₂ to a post-hcp structure with a six-fold larger supercell at pressures above 212 GPa is reported, indicating the trend of H₂ polymerization through molecular association.

Cao et al. show that human amygdala and hippocampus neurons encode visual facial features, bridging perception-driven representations with mnemonic semantic representations.

This study investigates how homeostatic mechanisms endow sensory representations in the auditory cortex with resilience against neuron loss. The map of sounds has the ability to recover after microablation by recruiting previously unresponsive neurons.

Directed evolution is a process of mutation and artificial selection to breed biomolecules with new or improved activity. Here the authors develop a directed evolution platform (PROTein Evolution Using Selection; PROTEUS) that enables the generation of proteins with enhanced or novel activities within a mammalian context.

Neurons in the median preoptic nucleus that express the prostaglandin EP3 receptor produce prolonged hypothermic responses or hyperthermic responses, respectively, following brief activation or inhibition.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane could lower the energy demand for propylene production, but low selectivity and costly air separation limit its viability. Here, the authors demonstrate that a molten NaNO₃ shell enables selective oxygen permeation, suppressing hydrocarbon over-oxidation in chemical looping oxygen uncoupling.

This study presents a nuclear magnetic resonance-based method to determine local structure and bonding of Pt single-atom catalysts.

The quantum simulation of driven, strongly correlated phases at large scales is challenging, primarily due to detrimental heating effects. Now, a large-scale interacting Mott–Meissner phase has been realized in a neutral atom quantum simulator.

One-dimensional critical fermionic models play an important role in many-body physics. Now it has been shown that any entangled state can be extracted from a bipartitioned critical fermion chain with an arbitrarily small change to the initial state.

TGFβ superfamily proteins can affect cellular differentiation, thermogenesis, and fibrosis in mammalian adipose tissue. Here the authors described a role for the TGFβ superfamily protein GDF3 in the regulation of lipolysis, glucose tolerance and glycemic variability in mice.

Neural networks discover meaningful representations of the data through the process of learning. Here, the authors explore how these representations are affected by scaling the network output or modifying the activation functions.

Finding optimal multi-drug combinations for pancreatic cancer remains a complex task. Here, authors across three different groups apply machine learning approaches to predict synergy across 1.6 million combinations of drugs for pancreatic cancer, 307 of which are validated experimentally.

The role of CXCR2 in epithelial and endothelial cells on lung infection remains unclear. The authors here use conditional CXCR2 knockout mice to manifest that epithelial and vascular CXCR2 mediates transcytosis of CXCL1, leading to neutrophil infiltration and controlled lung inflammation.

PCSK9 regulates low density lipoprotein-cholesterol import and determines organ preference of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with PCSK9-low cells metastasizing to the liver and PCSK9-high cells preferring the lung.

Saloner et al. used large-scale cerebrospinal fluid proteomics to uncover molecular signatures in frontotemporal dementia, revealing RNA splicing and synaptic protein candidate markers for genetic and sporadic disease progression.

This study addresses variations in suicide rates across the United States and the impact of three county-level clusters of social determinants of health characteristics. The authors used unsupervised machine learning to analyze data from 2009 to 2019, revealing that remote areas, characterized by rurality and older populations, had the highest suicide rates, highlighting the need for addressing disparities with targeted interventions.

Genomic studies often lack representation from diverse populations, limiting equitable insights. Here, the authors show that the BIG Initiative captures extensive genetic diversity and reveals ancestry-linked health disparities in a community-based Mid-South cohort.

Large language models are increasingly used for diverse tasks, yet we have limited insight into their understanding of chemistry. Now ChemBench—a benchmarking framework containing more than 2,700 question–answer pairs—has been developed to assess their chemical knowledge and reasoning, revealing that the best models surpass human chemists on average but struggle with some basic tasks.

This review gives an overview of natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies. The authors describe the various engineering strategies used to increase NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence, as well as the current challenges and opportunities for the future design of next-generation NK cell therapies.

We present best practice guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI, experimental design, technical requirements and data interpretation, illustrated via 12 use cases.

Three electron microscopy datasets are combined to provide a complete connectomic description of the neural circuitry that makes up the neck connective in Drosophila, including the descending neurons, ascending neurons and sensory ascending neurons.

The number of ligand binding sites in the dopamine transporter is enigmatic due to conflicting data from structures and molecular pharmacology. Here, force spectra reveal the position and dynamics of a previously invisible transient site.

Genomic and functional analyses of healthcare-associated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium reveal that bacteriocin T8 is enriched in emergent lineages and provides a competitive advantage in vitro and in vivo.

The zebra finch robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) directs singing by providing descending projections to brainstem motor neurons. The authors show that electrophysiological characteristics of RA neurons rely on resurgent Na+ currents that emerge early during song development only in males.