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At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

The authors describe a susceptibility of the peripheral nervous system to neuronal senescence with age or injury relevant for sensory dysfunction, such as chronic pain.

The loss of sea ice enhances swell-induced flexural stress in Antarctic ice shelves before large-scale calving events, according to satellite observations and swell-induced flexural stress modelling.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Speleothem records from caves in Arctic Siberia allow for the reconstruction of multiannual air temperatures during the late Miocene (8.68±0.09 million years ago). These temperatures suggest that Eurasia was mostly permafrost-free during that time.

There is currently no approved influenza vaccine for newborns, so development of such a vaccine is warranted. Here the authors show, using a African green monkey newborn model, that an adjuvanted nanoparticle vaccine containing the stem region of influenza hemagglutinin can induce robust IgG responses, with the functionality of the antibodies linked to viral clearance.

Low IVF efficiency is in part due to fertilization failure, though little is known about why retrieved oocytes vary in this regard. Here they show that oocyte maturation and nurse cell contacts are disrupted by superovulation and aging, and propose nurse cell markers to predict success of fertilized eggs.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Dietary n-6 PUFAs enhance adipose tissue expandability through the PPARγ–LPCAT3 membrane remodelling axis.

The mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity against cancer cells requires further illustration. By employing CRISPR screening in CAR-macrophage and cancer cell co-culture system, the authors identify depletion of ATG9A on cancer cells sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated killing, which can be synergic with CSF1R inhibition in cancer treatment.

Studies using mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma identify an association between age, iron homeostasis and tumour initiation potential that involves NUPR1 and lipocalin-2.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

The freshwater planarian S. mediterranea is an important model organism for regeneration research but its use in aging research is little explored and S. mediterranea is commonly referred to as immortal. Here Dai et al. report age-associated physiological and molecular changes in the sexual lineage of S. mediterranea, and global reversal of such changes after regeneration.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment is incompletely understood in adolescent and young-adult (AYA) patients with melanoma. Here, the authors demonstrate that AYA patients exhibit a unique stroma-infiltrating T cell immunogenomic profile compared with adults, which impacts on their responsiveness to immunotherapy.

Recent global disruptions have revived the food self-sufficiency debate. This study analyses countries’ trade dependencies and the discrepancy between their domestic food production and guidelines for a healthy and sustainable diet across seven essential food groups.

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) phosphorylates CD98HC to promote neutral amino acid antiporter trafficking. Here the authors show that ATM loss impairs glutamate, cystine, and arginine transport, driving metabolic stress and ataxia telangiectasia–like phenotypes.

T cell responses can be generated to either pathogen infection or from priming with a vaccine. Here the authors compare T cell generation, phenotype and single cell transcriptome of participants vaccinated with a mpox vaccine or infected with the virus showing that the virus induced T cells showed more effective function and phenotype.

This Perspective highlights the important role of energy metabolism in psychiatric disorders and sets the groundwork for future studies in the emerging field of metabolic psychiatry.

Beck et al. conducted single-cell and spatial profiling of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, finding that malignant cellular hierarchies are driven by developmental programs and specific members of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster.

Type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2) are important immune activators in adults, but their development and functions at the neonatal stage remain unclear. Here the authors show, using fate-mapping and single-cell RNA sequencing, that neonatal cDC2 come from multiple origins, but converge functionally as potent immune activators upon proper stimuli.

The authors show that telomere length resetting in embryos, a key determinant of healthy aging, is established by mitochondrial function at conception.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

Castro, Shindyapina et al. explore how aging promotes B cell lymphoma in mice, identifying a population of age-associated clonal B cells that expands through mutation, c-Myc activation and epigenetic alterations to drive age-associated malignancy.

Aberrant redox homeostasis links lipid metabolism and cell death programs. Here, authors reveal how cell stress reduces growth factor signaling, enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and sensitizing membranes to oxidative damage.

We present best practice guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI, experimental design, technical requirements and data interpretation, illustrated via 12 use cases.

Long-term effects of fetal SSRI exposure—commonly prescribed to pregnant mothers who suffer from depression and anxiety—are unknown. Here, authors finds increased fear-related behaviors and matching brain circuit activation in both mice and humans.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

This study addresses variations in suicide rates across the United States and the impact of three county-level clusters of social determinants of health characteristics. The authors used unsupervised machine learning to analyze data from 2009 to 2019, revealing that remote areas, characterized by rurality and older populations, had the highest suicide rates, highlighting the need for addressing disparities with targeted interventions.

Observations of ¹³CO in the atmosphere of a young, accreting super-Jupiter indicate a ¹³C-rich atmosphere, which is attributed to the accretion of carbon from ices enriched in ¹³C through fractionation.

TGFβ superfamily proteins can affect cellular differentiation, thermogenesis, and fibrosis in mammalian adipose tissue. Here the authors described a role for the TGFβ superfamily protein GDF3 in the regulation of lipolysis, glucose tolerance and glycemic variability in mice.

Yeo and Zhou et al. profile whole-genome chromatin accessibility in different cell types of the adult neurogenic niche, which reveals a reversible decrease in the migration of proliferative neural stem cells in aged mice.

Children and teenagers bring unique value to research as advisers and participants — raising ethical and practical issues about how best to compensate them.

Livanos et al. provide mechanistic insight into the recruitment and maintenance of kinesin-12 POK2, a central component of the division site in plants that is required for cell plate positioning during cytokinesis.

Bacteria can undergo adaptive evolution during severe infections, leading to treatment failure. The authors use within-host evolution genomic analysis to investigate persistent Staphylococcus aureus infections and optimise antibiotic treatment.

How does the brain balance specialization and integration? Using high-resolution MRI and a post-mortem atlas, this study reveals how local and global cortical organization are linked, shaping functional diversity across brain areas.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection results from increased serum levels of TGFβ, which impairs the reactivation of virus-specific T cells.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Ziegler et al. show that healthy young adults who used a meditation-inspired closed-loop app (MediTrain) for 6 weeks experienced gains in both sustained attention and working memory.

Brigger et al. show that adipose tissue eosinophil dysfunction with age underpins physiological features of ageing, including global inflammation, loss of physical fitness and myeloid skewing. Eosinophils transferred from young to aged mice reversed these features and improved immunological fitness in old age, in part via IL-4.

This study develops family-based genome-wide association study methods that maximize power in homogeneous samples through inclusion of singletons and in diverse samples by using all available parental genotypes.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide an effective treatment option for advanced haematological malignancies, but neurological adverse effects of CAR T cell therapies are common. This article reviews current knowledge regarding the mechanisms that contribute to neurological toxicities following CAR T cell therapy and highlights current and emerging management strategies.