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Analysis of genomic data from 981 colorectal cancers from participants in 11 countries reveals variations in mutational signatures of microsatellite-stable cancers that are dependent on geographical origin and age at which the cancer was diagnosed.

scHLApers is an analysis pipeline that quantifies single-cell expression of HLA genes using a personalized genomic reference. Mapping of HLA expression quantitative trait loci at single-cell resolution identifies dynamic effects across cell states.

Models of ecological communities that incorporate mutation and spatial dispersal can yield results that go some way to explaining observations. A further step is to add sexual reproduction to the mix.

How adipose mitochondria activity is fine-tuned in response to obesity is an active area of study. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial protein MCJ can block thermogenesis and that silencing this gene can correct obesity-related comorbidities.

Applying high pressures to a crystalline material usually dramatically alters its properties. Feng et al.now demonstrate, however, that antiferromagnetism in gadolinium-silicon is robust even under pressures that are large enough to compress the volume of the crystal by one seventh.

Phosphorene nanoribbons demonstrate extraordinary magnetic properties, ranging from large internal fields in films to macroscopic alignment in solution, which can be coupled to photoexcitations that localize to the magnetic edge of these ribbons.

The non-invasive control of light based on incoherent emission from multiple target positions can be achieved by retrieving mutually incoherent scattered fields from speckle patterns, and then time-reversing scattered fluorescence with digital phase conjugation.

The authors demonstrate non-invasive fluorescence imaging behind scattering layers beyond the optical memory effect. They achieve this by demixing speckle patterns emitted by a fluorescent object under variable unknown random illumination, using matrix factorization and a fingerprint-based reconstruction.

An atlas of the substrate specificities for the human tyrosine kinome reveals diversity of motif specificities and enables identification of kinase–substrate relationships and kinase regulation in phosphoproteomics experiments.

Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs within North Atlantic eddies, especially near the edges of the mesoscale structures, is a key component of the North Atlantic marine nitrogen cycle, according to an analysis of genetic and past eddy activity data.

Advancing the oxygen evolution reaction understanding requires probing catalysts’ microscale dynamics in operando but is highly challenging. Here, authors use compressive Raman imaging to unravel the charge compensation pathways in a crystalline oxygen evolution catalyst, α-Li₂IrO₃.

Here, the authors present results of the ZiBRA-2 project (https://www.zibra2project.org) which is an arbovirus surveillance project, across the Midwest of Brazil using a mobile genomics laboratory, combined with a genomic surveillance training program that targeted post-graduate students, laboratory technicians, and health practitioners in universities and laboratories.

Genomic and epidemiologic analyses revealed that a novel reassortant viral lineage of the Oropouche virus, which has been circulating in the western Amazon region of Brazil for about a decade, is associated with the recent human outbreaks between 2022 and 2024.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

The authors analyse tree responses to an extreme heat and drought event across South America to understand long-term climate resistance. While no more sensitive to this than previous lesser events, forests in drier climates showed the greatest impacts and thus vulnerability to climate extremes.

Early detection of atherosclerosis is beneficial but the reliability of imaging techniques is unclear. This study assesses reproducibility for black-blood MRI measurement of atherosclerotic burden in the left and right carotid arteries and the thoracic descending aorta. The results suggest that measurement of some MRI parameters is reliable, and the researchers recommend further investigation of their value for predicting cardiovascular disease.

Confocal optical microscopy is used to visualize—at high speed—solid (particle volume changes and phase-front velocities) and liquid electrolyte (concentration polarization gradients) dynamics inside operating batteries.

In this study, the authors provide a global overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing, and estimate the proportion of cases sequenced and time to genome upload. They identify disparities and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in lower and middle income countries.

A cross-reactive antibody and T cell response is identified in a large portion of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

A numerical analysis of mutualistic interactions between species shows that indirect effects from species they do not interact with directly are the biggest source of variation and cause the largest decreases to species fitness.

Dysfunctional telomeres activate innate immune responses through mitochondrial TERRA–ZBP1 complexes to eliminate cells that are destined for neoplastic transformation.

A theoretical model of a community of species under selection for compatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes predicts patterns of species diversity, abundance, speciation and extinction, and also suggests a link between metabolic demands and latitudinal variation in diversity.

Analysis of individual-level patient records from Brazil reveals that the extensive shocks in COVID-19 mortality rates are associated with pre-pandemic geographic inequities as well as shortages in healthcare capacity during the pandemic.

Parkin plays a role in mitophagy and has been shown to control adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis. Here the authors report that Parkin coordinates mitophagy with Pgc1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes to regulate adiposity.

The synthesis of two-dimensional diamond is the ultimate goal of diamond thin-film technology. Here, the authors perform Raman spectroscopy of bilayer graphene under pressure, and obtain spectroscopic evidence of formation of diamondene, an atomically thin form of diamond.

Here, de Vries et al. perform a pre-clinical characterization of the antimalarial compound MMV693183: the compound targets acetyl-CoA synthetase, has efficacy in humanized mice against Plasmodium falciparum infection, blocks transmission to mosquito vectors, is safe in rats, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling informs about a potential oral human dosing regimen.

The LHCb collaboration reports an improved measurement of the oscillation frequency of mesons consisting of a bottom quark and strange quark, which is then combined with previous results.

Water and hydroxyl enrichment in the solar-wind-irradiated rim of an olivine grain from asteroid Itokawa suggests that its regolith could contain ~20 l m⁻³ of water from solar wind—a potential water source for airless planetary bodies.

The Large Hadron Collider beauty collaboration reports a test of lepton flavour universality in decays of bottom mesons into strange mesons and a charged lepton pair, finding evidence of a violation of this principle postulated in the standard model.

Brazil has one of the fastest-growing COVID-19 epidemics in the world. De Souza et al. report epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases in the country during the first 3 months of the epidemic.

Deforestation carbon emissions from the Brazilian Amazon have declined steeply, but how much drought-induced forest fire emissions add to this process is still unclear. Here the authors show that gross emissions from forest fires are more than half as great as those from deforestation during drought years.

The question of why biological diversity is spread in characteristic patterns is perhaps the biggest problem in ecology. In recent years, the 'neutral theory' of biodiversity has modelled the distribution of species in a very simple way, without reference to species interactions or history. Sexual reproduction, mutation and dispersal are now introduced to the simulation of populations; the resulting predictions correlate well with real data sets.