Search

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is crucial for gene regulation, yet the role of small non coding RNAs in this process was unclear. Here, the authors identify miR106a as a key XCI regulator and show its inhibition improves Rett syndrome symptoms in a mouse model.

Domesticated grapevine produces hermaphroditic flowers, while other Vitis species are dioecious. The authors report that the Vitis sex-determining region contains flowering-related genes conserved across angiosperms and the Vitaceae, and propose a model for the evolution of dioecy in Vitis and Muscadinia.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent and complex disorder in older adults. Guo et al. identify human antigen R as a regulator of ARHL in aged mice and demonstrate that cochlear human antigen R overexpression alleviates ARHL, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for the condition.

N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester derivatives are one of the most widely used acylating agents. In this work, the authors report that ring-opening reaction of the succinimide to afford N-succinamide derivatives is a present, sometimes dominant, side-reaction of thio-NHS esters, and show that the extent of side reaction is lysine nucleophile- and therefore site-dependent with both side-reaction and desired reaction occurring within the same protein substrate.

Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe brain disorder caused by autoantibodies that trigger NMDA receptor loss. Here, the authors show that ART5803, a monovalent antibody, blocks this process and restores function in cell and primate models.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The study advances the use of serological surveys to guide trachoma elimination program decisions and provides a way to set thresholds for whether or not to continue an intervention program.

In this paper, the authors describe the energy state-dependent regulation of the PVN^GLP-1R to DVC circuit, resulting in altered food intake and metabolic health, mediated by GLP-1 receptor signalling.

In the canonical model of auditory processing, thalamocortical inputs to the primary auditory cortex initiate a hierarchical transmission to higher-order cortices. Here, authors reveal alternative auditory pathways that bypass the primary auditory cortex and directly activate higher-order cortex within <10 ms in mice, enabling parallel and distributed processing of fast sensory information across cortical areas.

Two genetically linked TdNLR genes from wild emmer wheat are both required for YrTD121-mediated stripe rust resistance. The TdNLR1 and TdNLR2 pair lacks an integrated ___domain, representing an uncommon architecture for paired NLRs in plants.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

This study presents a design for fabricating a terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavity with broken time-reversal symmetry. By combining density functional theory with a microscopic model, the cavity-induced gap in graphene was estimated, showing enhanced light–matter coupling at the Dirac nodes.

The choroid plexus (ChP) provides molecular cues for brain development. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study identifies an apocrine secretion mechanism in the ChP that modulates the CSF protein composition and instructs cortical development.

Immunotherapy has yet to demonstrate efficacy for patients with glioblastoma. Here, the authors employ human single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and a preclinical mouse model to show that glioblastoma cell-derived synaptogenic factor Thrombospondin-1 promotes neuronal circuit remodeling and regional immunosuppression, highlighting a potential therapeutic target.

Glycolytic enzymes form self-organized traveling waves at the cell membrane/cortex, boosting local ATP production and cell movement. Cancer cells with intense waves rely more on glycolysis for energy, potentially explaining the Warburg effect.

The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.

GABAB receptors contribute to complex inhibition that regulates cortical neurons in a translationally relevant manner over adult life. Here, authors show stronger presynaptic inhibition in humans than rats, and a role for GABAB receptors in the anti-seizure profile of levetiracetam.

The antiviral protein SP140 negatively regulates Ifnb1 mRNA stability by directly repressing the expression of the immune regulator RESIST.

In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Antigen escape relapse remains a major obstacle when treating B-cell malignancies with immunotherapies. Here, the authors show that IKAROS regulates the surface expression of CD19 and CD22, revealing a mechanism by which B-cell cancers evade targeted immunotherapies.

A 50 microRNA-based dynamic risk score for stratifying individuals with and without type 1 diabetes was developed using samples obtained from multicenter and multiethnic cohorts.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

This study provides a framework for mass spectrometry imaging experiments across biological replicates through machine learning-assisted processing of spatial lipidomics data from mouse lungs following allergen and ozone exposure.

In natural conversations, people are able to stop speaking at any time. Using high-density electrocorticography, Zhao et al. found a distinct neural signal in the human premotor cortex that inhibits speech output to achieve abrupt stopping.

Here, the authors show that Intracortical recordings in human motor cortex during attempted multi-finger movements reveal a largely linear code with two violations: magnitude normalization and greater shifts in tuning direction for weakly represented fingers.

In mice, prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet decreases interest in calorie-rich foods as a result of reduced neurotensin expression and signalling, which uncouples hedonic feeding behaviour linked to neurons projecting from lateral nucleus accumbens to ventral tegmental area.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Alamos et al. show that Agrobacterium engages in density-dependent interactions that dictate transformation efficiency and transgene expression. These findings enable a quantitative model to improve metabolic engineering in a predictive manner.

A sunlight-activated chemical spray increases wheat yield in field trials across rainfall conditions.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

The XPD/Rad3 helicase, YoaA-χ, helps resolve DNA damage in E. coli. Here, the authors show that single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) affects helicase activity in a substrate specific manner. Single molecule experiments show YoaA- χ can pull SSB along DNA while translocating

Striatonigral neurons comprise diverse subtypes, yet their specific roles in locomotion regulation are not fully understood. Here, authors demonstrate that the Calb1+ subtype promotes locomotion, while the Kremen1+ subtype terminates ongoing movement by inhibiting the activity of Aldh1a1+ dopaminergic neurons via GABBR1 receptors.

Ym1, encoding a CC-NBS-LRR type resistance protein, confers defense to wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection in roots. Ym1’s function in preventing viral invasion is dependent on its interaction with WYMV coat protein and followed by induction of cell death.

POLG mutations impair mitochondrial DNA replication and cause diverse mitochondrial diseases. Here, the authors show that structural differences in the POLγB subunit between humans and mice modulate mutation severity.

An expert-elicitation process identifies current methodological barriers for monitoring terrestrial biodiversity, and how technological and procedural development of robotic and autonomous systems may contribute to overcoming these challenges.