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An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

Host defense to bacterial infection and pulmonary inflammation is regulated by a circadian clock within lung epithelial cells and glucocorticoids.

Circadian pacemaker neurons help animals synchronize their behavior with 24-hour day–night cycles. The authors identify a neuronal circuit that links Drosophila pacemaker neurons to locomotor activity and sleep centers. They show that the intrinsic neuronal activity rhythms of pacemaker neurons are transmitted through this circuit to generate rhythmic behavior.

The genomic landscape of diffuse gliomas remains to be characterised. Here, the authors perform whole genome sequencing of 403 tumours and identify recurrent coding and non-coding genetic mutations, their associations with clinical outcomes and potential therapeutic targets.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

Here, Chang et al. show that the circadian clock regulates secretion resulting in nocturnal procollagen synthesis and daytime collagen fibril assembly in mice to maintain the homeostasis of the collagen network.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

Bats are a likely reservoir of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs). Here, analyzing bat CoV sequences in China, the authors find that alpha-CoVs have switched hosts more frequently than betaCoVs, identify a bat family and genus that are highly involved in host-switching, and define hotspots of CoV evolutionary diversity.

The Collision Clustering decoder is introduced, which requires few logical resources on field-programmable gate array hardware, and low power and area occupation on application-specific integrated circuit hardware, while being performant enough to keep up with the syndrome generation time of a quantum processing unit.

The mechanism underlying periodicity of Plasmodium’s intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC) is unclear. Here, Subudhi et al. show that serpentine receptor 10 (SR10) plays a role in regulating the schedule of the IDC in line with the timing of host daily rhythms.

The circadian clock is an internal mechanism that controls various physiological processes, such as the sleep-wake cycle, but its precise regulation is challenging. Here, the authors develop a visible light-responsive inhibitor of casein kinase I which controls the period and phase of cellular and tissue circadian rhythms in a reversible manner.

Genomes and phenotypes of interspecific yeast hybrids isolated from breweries reveal hybridization between Saccharomyces species followed by adaptation to specific beer styles.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Using an iterative boost and transplantation model to generate multilifetime T cells, Mi et al. show that cellular epigenetic age can be uncoupled from organism age. While naive T cells appear epigenetically young, memory T cells and T-ALL leukemia can exhibit epigenetic ages exceeding the organismal lifespan.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are the most common cancers in young men. Here, the authors analyse the genomic landscape of TGCT using data from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project, revealing divergent evolutionary trajectories and the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen loss.

DNA methylation is modulated by environmental factors and has a role in many complex diseases. Here, the authors find that methylation at specific DNA sites is associated with all-cause mortality, and a methylation-based risk score may be informative for risk assessment and stratification.

A large, open dataset containing parallel recordings from six visual cortical and two thalamic areas of the mouse brain is presented, from which the relative timing of activity in response to visual stimuli and behaviour is used to construct a hierarchy scheme that corresponds to anatomical connectivity data.

Ion channel clustering at specific membrane sites plays a fundamental role in action potential transmission. Here, the authors show that alternative splice variants of the intrinsically disordered C-terminal segment of the Shaker Kv channel support distinct patterns of scaffold protein-mediated channel clustering.

Bats are a likely reservoir of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs). Here, analyzing bat CoV sequences in China, the authors find that alpha-CoVs have switched hosts more frequently than betaCoVs, identify a bat family and genus that are highly involved in host-switching, and define hotspots of CoV evolutionary diversity.

The blind mole rat (BMR), Spalax galili, is perfectly adapted to life underground. Here, the authors sequence the BMR genome and transcriptome and highlight genomic features that may have played a role in adaptation to extreme underground stressors, such as darkness hypercapnia and hypoxia.

The genomic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be comprehensively characterised. Here, whole genome sequencing of 778 ccRCC patients enrolled in the 100,000 Genomes Project was used to identify potential drivers and clinical correlations to inform the development of therapies.

This study reveals sex-dependent dominance reversal across a large autosomal supergene in the rainbow trout, a mechanism for the resolution of sexual conflict in a species that lacks differentiated sex chromosomes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) with an ETV6::RUNX1 fusion comprise the largest subtype of this cancer, and their optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. Here, the authors perform genomic profiling of 194 ETV6::RUNX1-rearranged pediatric ALL cases, finding two molecular subtypes associated with distinct drug sensitivities.

VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 regulates intercellular communication during the growth transition after bulb dormancy by epigenetic regulation of callose synthase via the NF-YA7 transcription factor.

An archetype of collaboration, community development and vision, who made fundamental contributions to biology through his studies on the often-unseen part of the plant, the root.

Analysis of fossils of the oldest known caecilian provide insights into the origin and morphological and functional evolution of caecilians.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Researchers demonstrate the real-time generation and fast Fourier transformation of 10.8 Tbit s⁻¹ and 26 Tbit s⁻¹ line-rate optical frequency-division multiplexed signals, using an all-optical fast Fourier transform scheme based on cascaded delay interferometers and a time gate.

Glucocorticoids are released in a diurnal pattern. Here, the authors show that EGF receptor (EGFR) signalling is negatively regulated by glucocorticoids, and that EGFR inhibitor has stronger antitumour effects when administered during the resting phase, when glucocorticoids are low, offering potential optimization of cancer therapy regimens.

Whole-genome sequencing of more than 2,000 colorectal carcinoma samples provides a highly detailed view of the genomic landscape of this cancer and identifies new driver mutations.

By genetic studies the authors report a gene, Ppd-1, which controls paired spikelet development in wheat by regulating the expression of FT. Modulating the expression of Ppd-1 and FT can be used to improve grain-producing spikelets in wheat.

Drivers of physiological aging are also linked to the etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including inflammation and senescence, both influenced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolism. Norheim et al. performed a randomized controlled trial in patients with COPD, testing whether boosting NAD⁺ levels reduces airway inflammation.

The prefrontal attention spotlight dynamically explores space at 7–12 Hz, enhancing sensory encoding and behavior, in the absence of eye movements. This alpha-clocked sampling of space is under top-down control and implements an alternation in exploration and exploitation of the visual environment.

Genomic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages BA.4 and BA.5, responsible for the fifth COVID-19 pandemic wave in South Africa, shows continued viral diversification and provides insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the ability of the new lineages to outcompete their predecessors.

Two-photon scanning microscopy is inherently slow and thus limits volumetric calcium imaging. Prevedel et al. achieve increased volumetric imaging speed by tailoring the excitation volume via light sculpting.

Controlling the spectral properties of single photons is important for emerging optical quantum technologies, but doing so in a frequency-multiplexed framework is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate quantum frequency conversion with a Raman quantum memory in room-temperature diamond.

Papa et al. show that phosphorylation by PKA of four residues in Rad, a calcium channel inhibitor, is required to mediate the β-adrenergic-induced increase in calcium current and contractile force. Additionally, Rad-phosphosite-mutant mice showed reduced basal heart rate and contractility. Conversely, expression of mutant calcium channel unable to bind wild-type or phosphosite-mutant Rad was sufficient to enhance basal calcium influx and contractility, independently of β-adrenergic stimulation.