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Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.

Using an accurate genomic biomarker signature as a means to identify hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp-p), authors perform a longitudinal cohort study to provide insight into the clinical and genomic characteristics of hvKp-p.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

Xia et al. report that tumor cell-expressed paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) interacts with the T cell surface protein CD99 to suppress T cell activity, proposing PILRα targeting to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Zhao et al. show that Akt-mediated phosphorylation of ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1)-specific E3 ligase 1 (UFL1) catalyzes the UFMylation of ArpC4, a core subunit of actin-related proteins 2 and 3. Through ArpC4 UFMylation, UFL1 promotes lamellipodia formation and enhances cell migration, invasion and metastasis.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The recent experimental creation of magnetic skyrmions, topologically protected particle-like spin textures, has inspired proposals for their application in nanodevices. Here, the authors use Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate edge-mediated skyrmion chain formation in FeGe nanostripes.

A turnkey regime for soliton microcombs is demonstrated, in which solitons are generated by switching on a co-integrated pump laser, eliminating the need for photonic and electronic control circuitry.

π-Conjugated polymers are useful commodities as they are used in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes and field effect transistors. Here the authors describe the polycondensation of bifunctional aryl ethers or aryl ammonium salts with aromatic dimetallic compounds through cleavage of inert C–O/C–N bonds.

The catalytic C(sp³)-CF₂ bond formation is of high interest in drug design and discovery. Here, the authors report a cobalt-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of tertiary α-C-H bonds of aryl ketones for facile synthesis of quaternary alkyl difluorides and show the late-stage functionalization of marketed drugs.

Ring-opening reaction via selective cleavage of C–C bond is a powerful strategy to increase molecular complexity. Here the authors present the facile synthesis of chiral 1,5- and 1,6-dinitriles via the radical-mediated ring-opening and enantioselective cyanation of cycloketone oxime esters.

Yang et al. show an age-related increase in the microbial-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine that drives host cellular senescence by inducing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via ADR–AMPK signaling.

The performance of n-i-p perovskite-organic tandem solar cells is hampered by non-ideal interconnection layers. This study reports an optimized metal-based interconnection stack featuring high transparency and efficient carrier recombination, achieving 25.34% efficiency and improved stability in tandems.

As immune checkpoint therapy is more frequently used for cancer, side effects such as Stevens-Johson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are becoming more common. Here the authors use single cell transcriptomics to implicate TNF and CXCL10 in recruitment of CXCR3⁺ cytotoxic T cell in SJS/TEN skin lesions.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

Full network nonlocality, which certifies nonclassical behaviour in all sources of quantum networks, has so far only been demonstrated in the simplest scenarios. Here, the authors reach a complete experimental demonstration in a complex network involving three-qubit joint measurements.

The photooxidation of CH₄ to CH₃OH is limited by the availability of reactants at flooded interfaces. Now the authors report a modified metal organic framework nanoreactor to promote the direct photooxidation of CH4 to CH₃OH at the gas-solid interface.

By performing a global RNA-RNA interactome analysis in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, the authors identify the small RNA ArcZ targets many capsule genes and a key virulence factor MlaA, inhibiting Klebsiella infection and pathogenesis in mice.

A mixed-dimensional hot-emitter transistor based on mixed-dimensional graphene/germanium Schottky junctions uses stimulated emission of heated carriers, achieving an ultralow subthreshold swing and a high negative differential resistance.

The role of the tumor microenvironment in immunotherapy response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, single cell RNA and TCR sequencing of samples before and after immunotherapy highlights the role of CD8 T-cell status conversion and exhaustion induced by Macro CD5L+ in treatment response.

Gestational diabetes milletus (GDM) may have impairments on offspring health. Here, the authors suggest that the increase of EZH2 is an important reason for the disrupted DNA methylome in oocytes exposed to GDM, which may be associated with the transgenerational inheritance of the metabolic disorders.

Expression patterns of immune checkpoints in patients with gastric cancer remain poorly characterized. Here the authors propose an immune scoring system based on the expression of six immunosuppressive ligands to improve the prognostic accuracy in gastric cancer patients and drive the selection of candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.

A genomic analysis of human remains from the Bronze Age provides insights into the origin of the Tarim Basin mummies from the Xinjiang region.

Extraction of uranium from seawater could help with sustainable development of nuclear energy. Here the authors incorporated Cu(I)/Cu(II) microredox reactors in a seaweed-like adsorbent to enhance uranium capture by taking advantage of its adsorption and reduction effects.

Syntheses of anilines occur through a variety of methods, most requiring transition metals or multiple steps. Here the authors disclose a protocol to form anilines from benzyl alcohols via an aza-Hock rearrangement that uses only a sulfonyl hydroxylamine and solvent.

Ye et al. find a positive causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging, independent of socioeconomic status. This work underscores the imperative to prioritize mental well-being in health policies geared to fostering healthy aging.

Doping generally hinders phonon transport. Here, authors significantly increase the thermal conductivity of TiS3 nanoribbons through doping, originating from the intensified bonding strength along the molecular chain direction without distorting the one-dimensional structure induced by doped atoms.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the GPR101–Gs complex reveals the mechanism for its constitutive activity and facilitates the screening and identification of GPR101 ligands with rejuvenating potential.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The use of quantum simulators for studying non-equilibrium quantum transport has been limited. Here the authors demonstrate the steady quantum transport between many-body qubit baths on a superconducting quantum processor, revealing insights into pure-state statistical mechanics for nonequilibrium quantum systems.

Phase singularities are intimately related to orbital angular momentum. Direct local imaging of orbital angular momentum effects at the nanoscale remains challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate via scanning tunnelling microscopy that inter-orbital angular momentum scatterings induced by asymmetric potentials can modulate the phase singularities and induce single-wavefront dislocations.

The fusion of viruses with cellular membranes is an essential step in the life cycle of enveloped viruses. Here, the authors present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a prototype class III fusion protein GP64 in prefusion and early intermediate states, and show that the coordination between multiple histidine residues acts as a pH sensor and activator.

Delivery of immune therapy drugs to tumours might be hampered by their limited bioavailability and the difficulty of targeting complex exogenous compounds. Here authors trigger immunologic cell death, via activating tumour-cell-intrinsic pathways via CRISPR-based nanotechnology to enable efficient anti-tumour immune response in mouse models of melanoma.

This study shows a self-powered deep-sea current measurement system using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that measures currents from 0.02 to 6.69 m/s and withstands over 45 MPa pressure. Successful operation at 4531 m depth in the South China Sea is demonstrated.

The FarmGTEx Project aims to understand genetic control of gene activity under diverse biological and environmental contexts in domestic animals, providing a foundation for improving animal precision breeding, adaptation and human health.

This study of Chinese endometrioid endometrial carcinomas describes the proteogenomic differences between early-onset and late-onset tumors, finding that SIGLEC10 mutation may contribute to tumorigenesis and progestin resistance in early cases.

Recently, there have been proposals to extend the concept of time crystals to topological order. Here the authors observe a prethermal topologically ordered time crystal on a superconducting quantum processor, where discrete time-translation symmetry breaking manifests for nonlocal rather than local observables.

Northern China contains some of the world’s earliest farming societies. Here, authors use 55 ancient genomes to trace the genetic history of human migrations across northern China for the last 7500 years, and document genetic changes mirroring shifts in subsistence strategy.