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Freestanding membranes of hafnium zirconium oxide can be created using pulsed laser deposition method and used as the top-gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

Topological Dirac-vortex modes have attracted broad interest but are thus far limited to two-dimensional photonic systems. Here, authors report the first experimental observation of topological Dirac-vortex modes in a 3D photonic topological insulator.

Chronic wounds typically exhibit dynamic variations within the complex wound microenvironment over time. Here, Cheng et al. develop a microenvironment-feedback hydrogel to achieve homeostatic wound pH and blood glucose levels to accelerate repair of diabetic chronic wounds.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

In situ methods for water quality monitoring is crucial for global water use and management, though many conventional sensors have slow response time and are non-recyclable. Here, the authors report a recyclable amphiphobic dielectric material for fast monitoring of water pollutants.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Some rhizosphere microbes protect plants from phytopathogens through unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, Zhang et al. show that a rhizosphere bacterium displays antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi by reducing the activity of the fungal NatA acetyltransferase complex, thus inducing protein degradation and apoptosis.

A neural network approach grounded in transition-path theory is shown to uncover committor-consistent transition pathways, resolving competing mechanisms across dynamical regimes and advancing the modeling of rare events in biomolecular systems.

Neural circuit mechanisms that regulate the panic-like defensive state are not fully understood. Using a robot-based experimental paradigm, the authors identify Cbln2-expressing (Cbln2+) neurons in the mouse posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) as a key neuronal population essential for the induction of panic-like defensive state.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Nonlinear optical phonons often exhibit rapid decay. Here, the authors demonstrate long-lived nonlinear optical phonons through the spontaneous formation of phonon frequency combs in CrXTe₃ (X=Ge,Si).

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

DNA Damage Regulated Autophagy Modulator 1 (DRAM1) plays pivotal roles in autophagy regulation. Here, the authors show that DRAM1 stabilizes lysosomal VAMP8, thereby promoting autolysosome maturation. Furthermore, they establish that DRAM1–VAMP8 axis enhances autophagic flux and facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma extravasation, as validated in both zebrafish xenograft and mouse metastatic models.

Chiral emission from collective guided modes is demonstrated within a photonic crystal slab, showing an example of collective oscillations in the momentum space.

This study introduces an electrochemical approach for synthesizing 1,3-butadiene via acetylene hydrogenation, offering petroleum-free pathway for C4H6 production. Mechanistic investigations show that optimizing the C2H2/H2O ratio can enhance the kinetics of the rate-limiting step.

Diffusion models have shown promise in content generation, however, like many forms of generative AI, this comes with high computation cost, exacerbated by standard von Neuman computing architectures. Here, Cheng et al present a magnetoelectric memory for in-memory computing and demonstrate diffusion-based image generation on an 80×80 array.

T-cell enrichment has attracted great interest but currently fails to fully replicate the complex natural immune interactions. Here, the authors report on magnetic polymerised antigen-presenting cells that mimic natural interactions to isolate rare tumour-reactive T cells, offering a platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy and neoantigen discovery.

Methods of damaging cancer cells are of therapeutic interest. Here, the authors report on using gold nanoparticles as electron sinks with electroactive bacterial membranes to disrupt cancer cell redox balance, electron transfer induces oxidative stress and triggers cell death by apoptosis.

The heterogeneity of HSPCs in response to IR stress remains poorly characterized. Here, the authors provide insights into the molecular intricacies of IR-induced BM injury and reveal the roles of BMP4-BMPR2 signaling in radiation resistance of HSCs.

Nanoplastics are a concern for health and safety. Here, the authors show polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition by altering microRNA expression in extracellular vesicles, highlight a potential pathway through which nanoplastic exposure affects gut health.

Epstein-Barr virus is associated with increased cancer risk. Here, the authors analysed two population-based prospective cohorts in Southern China to examine the association between increased seropositivity and the risk of multiple cancer types.

The authors present TropiCycloneNet, a framework that combines a multimodal tropical cyclone dataset spanning 70 years and a machine learning forecast model. The approach improves forecast skill of tropical cyclone track and intensity compared to other methods, advancing data-driven weather prediction.

Previous work has shown that electronic and structural transitions in VO₂ can be decoupled by realizing an electronic transition within a monoclinic phase. Here, the authors extend this to the rutile phase by demonstrating a photodoping-driven transition from an insulating to a metallic rutile phase.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Certain antimetabolites used to treat cancer are more neurotoxic than others, and it is now shown that this is due to their greater tendency to generate DNA double-stranded breaks, whereas less neurotoxic agents induce single-stranded breaks.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

NIPBL perturbation activates long terminal repeat (LTR)-derived alternative promoters due to reorganization of chromatin’s hierarchical structure, leading to LTR co-option and oncogene activation in melanoma cell lines.

Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum) is thermotolerant, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of the heat tolerance gene encoding a STKc_GSK3 kinase and its variation affects phosphorylation level of downstream TaPIF4 in determining thermotolerance.

Understanding how copper nanoparticles evolve under electrochemical conditions is crucial for the development of selective CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. Here the authors prepare well-defined nanocrystals and use advanced operando imaging and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the Cu–CO species-driven dynamic evolution of Cu electrodes.

While they resemble antiferromagnets in terms of vanishing magnetization, altermagnets also have a nonrelativistic spin-splitting bandstructure arising from the combination of crystal symmetry and magnetic ordering. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate the effective manipulation of spin-splitting torque based on the control of Néel vector in altermagnets.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

Chen et al. report all-site alloying for 3D perovskites where B-site strontium doping retards the crystallisation and induces sequential A-site doping with annealing. The controllable crystallisation enables blue LEDs with peak efficiency of 23.3% at 487 nm and tuneable emission to 463 nm.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Amado et al. develop a gene therapy for sporadic ALS using motor neuron-targeting AAVs to deliver RNAi targeting ataxin-2. In a mouse model, survival, strength, and disease-related pathology are improved; and human motor neurons are strongly transduced.

An atomic-level understanding of the nano-crystalline structure of calcium aluminate silicate hydrate is still missing. Here, the authors develop an automatic structure generation program to gain insights on the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of C-A-S-H.

The direct carbonylation of C-H bonds on gaseous hydrocarbon feedstocks provides a straightforward approach to accessing short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives. Here, the authors report a direct carbonylation of methane, ethane, and propane under blue LED irradiation at ambient temperature, synthesizing short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives.

Cao and colleagues show that the RNA-binding E3 ligase MKRN2 selectively inhibits the translation of Il6 messenger RNA in activated macrophages.

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold promise for a range of medical applications. Here, the authors use MLLMs for 3D brain CT radiology report generation, demonstrating that combining anatomy-aware model fine-tuning with robust evaluation metrics establishes a comprehensive and effective framework.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

U/Th-dated Asian monsoon records from Shima Cave, covering 142–122 ka BP, constrain the timing of a CO₂ rise at ~139 ka BP caused by millennial-scale variabilities, which, along with increasing orbital solar radiation, prepare for the end of ice age.

Analysis of ancient DNA, stable isotope data and archaeological evidence from the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China suggests it was populated by a matrilineal Neolithic community between 2750 and 2500 bc.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.