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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Lymphostatin is a large protein required for Escherichia coli virulence. Here, Griessmann et al. use electron cryo-microscopy to describe the structure of lymphostatin determined at different pH values, showing three conformations, six distinct domains, and long inter-___domain linkers that occlude the catalytic sites of the N-terminal glycosyltransferase and protease domains.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

Earth system models often categorize plants to just a few functional types, and plant characteristics are defined per type, neglecting their diversity. The authors show how the use of plant traits can improve the modeling of global carbon, water, and energy fluxes

Disruption of different components of molecular circadian clocks has varying effects on health and lifespan of model organisms. Here the authors show that loss of period extends life in drosophila melanogaster.

Plasma extracellular vesicles contain quantifiable amounts of TDP-43 and full-length tau, allowing the accurate assessment of pathology in frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Ongoing hydrogen loss from two sibling exoplanets provides support for the role of such hydrogen loss in the evolution of close-orbiting sub-Neptunes.

The mechanisms by which organisms adapt their growth according to the availability of oxygen are incompletely understood. Here the authors identify the Drosophila fat body as a tissue regulating growth in response to oxygen sensing via a mechanism involving Hph inhibition, HIF1-a activation and insulin secretion.

Thanks to their strong light-matter interaction, atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are ideal active materials for cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here, the authors embed a WSe₂monolayer within a Tamm-plasmon-polariton cavity, and observe exciton-polariton formation at room temperature.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides constitute an ideal platform to investigate solid state excitonic effects. Here, the authors provide experimental evidence of a localized biexciton in a monolayer of WSe₂, which induces an emission cascade of single photons.

Optoelectronic devices such as conventional semiconductor lasers are used to study the chaotic behaviour of nonlinear systems. Here chaos is observed for quantum-dot microlasers operating close to the quantum limit with potential for new directions in the study of chaos in quantum systems.

Future quantum communication technologies require entanglement between stationary and flying qubits, in systems that are inherently scalable. To this end, De Greveet al.present full state tomography of a qubit pair formed by entangling a quantum dot spin and a photon, with a fidelity of over 90%.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

In Drosophila, Fasciclin 2 (Fas2) has been mainly studied in the nervous system, yet this adhesion protein is more abundant in the adult renal tubule. Here the authors show that Fas2 is essential for brush border maintenance in renal tubules through regulation of microvilli length and organization.

Losing animals from food webs could reduce ecosystem function, but drivers of this pattern are difficult to disentangle. With food web simulations, Schneider et al. show that high animal diversity does not release plants from top-down control owing to a balancing effect of increased animal body size.

Whether there are conserved nucleic acid (NA) binding proteins across species is not fully known. Using data from human, mouse and fly, the authors identify common binders, implicate TAOKs and show that these kinases bind NAs across species and promote virus defence in mammalian cells.

Pythium sensu lato (s.l.) is an oomycete that poses a serious threat to agricultural production worldwide. This study, using metabarcoding, provides insights into the diverse soil communities of Pythium s.l. across 127 locations and their disease potential in European corn fields.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are an ideal platform to investigate the underlying physics of strongly bound excitons in low dimensions. Here, the authors demonstrate the formation of a bosonic condensate driven by excitons in two-dimensional MoSe₂ strongly coupled to light in a solid-state resonator.

Free electron laser beam profile characterization is usually performed separately from the actual measurements and this leads to considerable uncertainty in the results. Here the authors demonstrate the simultaneous measurement of the FEL beam profile with the experiment by using integrated gratings.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence single-photons are generated on demand from a single quantum dot embedded in a microcavity under s-shell excitation with an ultrafast laser source.

Boson sampling with three, four and five photons with high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability is realized using a quantum dot–micropillar as the single-photon source. A record-breaking sampling rate of 4.96 kHz is achieved.

Light and matter excitations from host media can hybridize in the strong coupling regime, resulting in the formation of hybrid polariton modes. Here, the authors demonstrate hybridization between tightly bound excitons in a MoSe₂ monolayer and excitons in GaAs quantum wells via coupling to a cavity resonance.

The association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been known for decades, but mechanisms of gut-liver crosstalk are incompletely understood. Here, the authors show a colitis-triggered protective circuit suppressing cholestatic liver disease which encourages multi-organ treatment strategies for PSC.

Here, the authors describe a noncoding genetic variant in GBA1 specific to people of African ancestry that increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases by interfering with the splicing of mRNA, resulting in lowered protein levels and activity.

Excitons in atomically thin crystals couple strongly with light. Here, the authors observe lattice polaritons in a tunable open optical cavity at room temperature, with an imprinted photonic lattice strongly coupled to excitons in a WS₂ monolayer.

Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) during embryogenesis and cancer. Here, author report crystal structures of TWSG1 in complex with a BMP ligand and show how TWSG1 inhibits signaling in cells and in vivo.

In this largest whole-exome sequencing study of epilepsies to date, the Epi25 Collaborative identified extremely rare variants that confer risk for diverse epilepsy subtypes, highlighting roles in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease, display changes in the gut microbiota and in bile acid composition. Schneider, Candels and colleagues identify a role for microbiota-dependent regulation of bile acid synthesis through farnesoid X receptor signalling, which is relevant for PSC disease progression.

Understanding the various and multiple trade-offs of land-use changes and cropland expansion can contribute to more sustainable policies. A study explores future scenarios of cropland expansion along with the trade-offs in agricultural production and markets, biodiversity and CO₂ emissions.

In myeloproliferative neoplasms, frameshift mutants of calreticulin turn into rogue cytokines by inducing constitutive activation of the Thrombopoietin Receptor (TpoR). Here, the authors define how mutant calreticulin acquires specificity for TpoR binding and triggers its constitutive activation.

NASA’s Cold Atom Lab has operated on the International Space Station since 2018 to study quantum gases and mature quantum technologies in Earth’s orbit. Here, Williams et al., report on a series of pathfinding experiments exploring the first quantum sensor using atom interferometry in space.

Meprin α is a proteolytic regulator of the extracellular matrix that forms enormous oligomeric filaments of unknown purpose. Here, the authors determine by cryo-EM the structural basis of the meprin supercoiled filament and further characterise a small molecule inhibitor bound to its active site.

Branched organoids embedded in collagen gels can recapitulate the phenotypic landscape and pronounced molecular and morphological heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Metastatic dissemination in breast cancer patients occurs early in malignant transformation, raising questions about how disseminated cancer cells (DCC) progress at distant sites. Here, the authors show that DCCs in bone marrow are activated via IL6-trans-signaling and thereby acquire stemness traits relevant for metastasis formation.

Many studies of polariton condensates have been limited to low temperatures. Here the authors demonstrate ambient polariton condensation in lattices using organic traps that profit from the stability of organic excitons and the large Rabi splitting.

The emergence of the adult fruit flies from the pupae is jointly regulated by the central and peripheral clocks. Selchoet al. show that synchronization of the two clocks is mediated by the master clock brain neurons producing sNPF, and non-clock PTTH neurons that regulate the peripheral clock producing the steroid moulting hormone, ecdysone.

Aircraft measurements over the Amazon show that new particle formation in the upper troposphere emerges when isoprene, emitted by forests, undergoes oxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides produced by lightning.

Inspired by motile plant structures that respond passively to external stimuli, in this work the authors validate biobased cellulosic materials and bioinspired 4D-printed hygromorphic bilayers for a weather-responsive, energy-autonomous shading system with a demonstration at an architectural scale.